CCBC BIO 110 FINAL ACTUAL EXAM PAPER
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ RoughER.
Answer: synthesizes secreted and membrane proteins
◍ longer wavelength.
Answer: less engery
◍ heterotrophs.
Answer: all the organisms that consume food
◍ centrosome.
Answer: A structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells that functions
as a microtubule-organizing center and is important during cell division. A
centrosome has two centrioles.
◍ elongation, RNA polymerase.
Answer: can make a RNA polymer from template DNA strand to make
coding strand, need to use other strand as template
◍ ribosome.
Answer: make proteins
◍ meiotic errors.
Answer: errors made in meiosis
◍ steroid.
Answer: A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of
four fused rings with various chemical groups attached. insoluble in water
makes it a lipid
◍ ATP.
, Answer: energy currency of cell
◍ alternative splicing.
Answer: one gene can make several products
◍ theory.
Answer: A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data
◍ fixation.
Answer: CO2 uptake- RUBP captures CO2 using enzyme rubisco
◍ regeneration.
Answer: 10 G3P regenerate RUBP, takes 6 ATP
◍ cilla.
Answer: short, hairlike structures that keep particles away from airways;
main purpose: movement
◍ photon.
Answer: light particle
◍ nucleiod region.
Answer: A non-membrane bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where the
DNA is concentrated.
◍ Chloroplasts.
Answer: are plastids that carry out photosynthesis.
◍ nucleic acid bases.
Answer: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
◍ replication errors.
Answer: errors made by polymerase
◍ poly peptide.
Answer: a polymer of proteins
◍ resolution.
Answer: Ability of a microscope to distinguish two objects as separate
,◍ facilitated diffusion.
Answer: no energy but does require a protein
◍ cell wall.
Answer: Found outside the cell membrane, make mostly of cellulose
◍ synapsis.
Answer: Pairing of homologous chromosomes
◍ phosphodiester bond.
Answer: bond between glycerol and fatty acid tails
◍ endocytosis.
Answer: into the cell
◍ anaphase.
Answer: sister chromosomes pulled opposite poles
◍ promoter.
Answer: DNA sequence that says gene start here
◍ Eukaryotic cells.
Answer: Membrane-enclosed nucleus Cytoplasm contains a variety of
organellesCytosol - fluid component of the cytoplasm
◍ denaturation.
Answer: An unfavorable change of the environment can cause a protein to
unravel and lose its normal shape and not to function. only effects secondary
and tertiary
◍ nucleotide triplets.
Answer: codon, DNA code, every 3 nucleic acids equals 1 amino acid
◍ z scheme.
Answer: zig zag shape of energy curve
◍ horizontal gene transfer.
Answer: A process in which an organism incorporates genetic material from
another organism without being the offspring of that organism
, ◍ gene expression.
Answer: formation of a final product of a gene
◍ polygenic.
Answer: many genes play a roll, 1 trait
◍ protein structure.
Answer: 4 Levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary; can become
denatured (lose structure and function) if temp, salt, or ph changes.
◍ cis.
Answer: beginning
◍ buffer.
Answer: A solution that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or
bases are added to the solution.
◍ f-actin.
Answer: polymerized actin (filamentous)
◍ diploid.
Answer: (genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or
twice the haploid number
◍ carbon reduction.
Answer: 12NADPH and 12 ATP are used to make 12 G3P molecules and 2
carbs
◍ test cross.
Answer: the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a
homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype
◍ metabolism.
Answer: All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism.
happens in cytoplasm
◍ transition step.
Answer: happens in the mitochondria. acetyl group+ co enzyme a->acetyl
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ RoughER.
Answer: synthesizes secreted and membrane proteins
◍ longer wavelength.
Answer: less engery
◍ heterotrophs.
Answer: all the organisms that consume food
◍ centrosome.
Answer: A structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells that functions
as a microtubule-organizing center and is important during cell division. A
centrosome has two centrioles.
◍ elongation, RNA polymerase.
Answer: can make a RNA polymer from template DNA strand to make
coding strand, need to use other strand as template
◍ ribosome.
Answer: make proteins
◍ meiotic errors.
Answer: errors made in meiosis
◍ steroid.
Answer: A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of
four fused rings with various chemical groups attached. insoluble in water
makes it a lipid
◍ ATP.
, Answer: energy currency of cell
◍ alternative splicing.
Answer: one gene can make several products
◍ theory.
Answer: A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data
◍ fixation.
Answer: CO2 uptake- RUBP captures CO2 using enzyme rubisco
◍ regeneration.
Answer: 10 G3P regenerate RUBP, takes 6 ATP
◍ cilla.
Answer: short, hairlike structures that keep particles away from airways;
main purpose: movement
◍ photon.
Answer: light particle
◍ nucleiod region.
Answer: A non-membrane bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where the
DNA is concentrated.
◍ Chloroplasts.
Answer: are plastids that carry out photosynthesis.
◍ nucleic acid bases.
Answer: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
◍ replication errors.
Answer: errors made by polymerase
◍ poly peptide.
Answer: a polymer of proteins
◍ resolution.
Answer: Ability of a microscope to distinguish two objects as separate
,◍ facilitated diffusion.
Answer: no energy but does require a protein
◍ cell wall.
Answer: Found outside the cell membrane, make mostly of cellulose
◍ synapsis.
Answer: Pairing of homologous chromosomes
◍ phosphodiester bond.
Answer: bond between glycerol and fatty acid tails
◍ endocytosis.
Answer: into the cell
◍ anaphase.
Answer: sister chromosomes pulled opposite poles
◍ promoter.
Answer: DNA sequence that says gene start here
◍ Eukaryotic cells.
Answer: Membrane-enclosed nucleus Cytoplasm contains a variety of
organellesCytosol - fluid component of the cytoplasm
◍ denaturation.
Answer: An unfavorable change of the environment can cause a protein to
unravel and lose its normal shape and not to function. only effects secondary
and tertiary
◍ nucleotide triplets.
Answer: codon, DNA code, every 3 nucleic acids equals 1 amino acid
◍ z scheme.
Answer: zig zag shape of energy curve
◍ horizontal gene transfer.
Answer: A process in which an organism incorporates genetic material from
another organism without being the offspring of that organism
, ◍ gene expression.
Answer: formation of a final product of a gene
◍ polygenic.
Answer: many genes play a roll, 1 trait
◍ protein structure.
Answer: 4 Levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary; can become
denatured (lose structure and function) if temp, salt, or ph changes.
◍ cis.
Answer: beginning
◍ buffer.
Answer: A solution that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or
bases are added to the solution.
◍ f-actin.
Answer: polymerized actin (filamentous)
◍ diploid.
Answer: (genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or
twice the haploid number
◍ carbon reduction.
Answer: 12NADPH and 12 ATP are used to make 12 G3P molecules and 2
carbs
◍ test cross.
Answer: the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a
homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype
◍ metabolism.
Answer: All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism.
happens in cytoplasm
◍ transition step.
Answer: happens in the mitochondria. acetyl group+ co enzyme a->acetyl
