CISSN COMPLETE EXAM PREPARATION
PACKAGE FINAL ASSESSMENT 2026
EXTENSIVE QUESTIONS AND PRECISELY
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS ALREADY PASSED
⩥What acts as an antioxidant within the respiratory chain? Answer:
glutathione
⩥How doe dietary fiber reduce the amount of food that may be
absorbed? Answer: -insoluble fiber can bind to molecules and prevent
them from being absorbed
-soluble becoes "gel like" and slows rate of food passage, increasing
nutrient absorption... or irritating the gut
⩥What are the effects of vegetarian type diets? What nutrients are
difficult to get in a vegetarian diet? Answer: -lact of protein, low caloric
intake, incomplete AA
-hampers health and performance if not executed properly
⩥What body systems are affected by supplementation with Omega-3
rich fish oils?. Answer: endocrine
⩥How is the endocrine system affected by supplementation with
Omega-3 rich fish oils?. Answer: The exact mechanism(s) responsible
,for this phenomenon are not completely understood, but there are several
possible explanations. For example, EPA and DHA are very effective at
suppressing lipogenic gene expression, thereby limiting the synthesis of
lipids. EPA and DHA have also been found to increase the oxidation of
lipids as a result of an increase in carnitine acyltransferase I (CAT I)
activity, which allows greater fatty acid transport across the inner
mitochondrial matrix via the CAT mechanism. Additionally, EPA can
increase mitochondrial lipid oxidation indirectly by inhibiting acetyl-
CoA carboxylase, which is the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of
malignly CoA, and is a potent inhibitor of CAT I. Moreover, EPA and
DHA can also decrease the sensitivity of CAT I to malignly CoA, which
may allow a higher rate of lipid oxidation across a variety of different
metabolic states. It is also possible that omega 3 fatty acids may
influence total body lipid accretion by increasing thermogenesis as a
result of increased activity of uncoupling proteins and peroxisomes
and/or by increasing lean body mass, which would indirectly increase
thermogenesis.
⩥Which common food has been shown to be an effective aid to post-
exercise muscle recovery?. Answer: low-fat milk
⩥What are the trace minerals?. Answer: -iron
-zinc
-manganese
-copper
-fluoride
-molybdenum
,-iodine
-chromium
-selenium
⩥iron. Answer: component of proteins and enzymes, heme, cytochrome
in ETC, NT synthesis and protein synthesis
⩥zinc. Answer: cellular metabolism including catalytic, structural, and
regulatory roles, enzyme, cell membrane, and protein component in
copper-zinc SOD (antioxidant)
⩥manganese. Answer: primarily works as a coenzyme that facilitates
various metabolic processes in the body. The benefits of manganese in
the body vary largely. It is involved in bone formation, thyroid function,
formation of connective tissues, sex hormone function, calcium
absorption, blood sugar regulation, immune function, and in fat and
CHO metabolism
⩥copper. Answer: is required in the formation of Hb, RBC's, bones,
while it helps with the formation of elastin as well as collagen—making
it necessary for wound healing
⩥fluoride. Answer: small amounts of fluoride help reduce tooth decay.
Adding fluoride to tap water helps reduce cavities in children by more
than half
, ⩥molybdenum. Answer: several functions of molybdenum include the
prevention of dental caries, iron metabolism, uric acid excretion and
maintenance of normal sexual function in males. Essential for utilizing
nitrogen in the air, is a trace element responsible for several biochemical
processes involving cellular structures of the body. Cellular respiration
and the utilization of oxygen are dependent on molybdenum to function
normally. Harnessing free radicals and preventing DNA and RNA
missteps in reproduction, as well as the maintenance of cell membrane.
⩥iodine. Answer: essential component of the thyroid hormones T3 and
T4. Thyroid hormones regulate many important biochemical reactions,
including protein synthesis and enzymatic activity, and are critical
determinants of metabolic activity. They are also required for proper
skeletal and central nervous system development in fetuses and infants.
⩥chromium. Answer: essential mineral. Cher III is in foods and involved
in glucose metabolism by enhancing the function of insulin
⩥selenium. Answer: selenium dependent enzymes are essential to
normal function, glutathione preoxidase converts ROS (H2O2) into H2O
⩥What are the functions of testosterone in men and women?. Answer:
produced in the testes (men) and small amounts in the ovaries (women),
is sensitive to mechanical overload and levels increase in response to
resistance training
PACKAGE FINAL ASSESSMENT 2026
EXTENSIVE QUESTIONS AND PRECISELY
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS ALREADY PASSED
⩥What acts as an antioxidant within the respiratory chain? Answer:
glutathione
⩥How doe dietary fiber reduce the amount of food that may be
absorbed? Answer: -insoluble fiber can bind to molecules and prevent
them from being absorbed
-soluble becoes "gel like" and slows rate of food passage, increasing
nutrient absorption... or irritating the gut
⩥What are the effects of vegetarian type diets? What nutrients are
difficult to get in a vegetarian diet? Answer: -lact of protein, low caloric
intake, incomplete AA
-hampers health and performance if not executed properly
⩥What body systems are affected by supplementation with Omega-3
rich fish oils?. Answer: endocrine
⩥How is the endocrine system affected by supplementation with
Omega-3 rich fish oils?. Answer: The exact mechanism(s) responsible
,for this phenomenon are not completely understood, but there are several
possible explanations. For example, EPA and DHA are very effective at
suppressing lipogenic gene expression, thereby limiting the synthesis of
lipids. EPA and DHA have also been found to increase the oxidation of
lipids as a result of an increase in carnitine acyltransferase I (CAT I)
activity, which allows greater fatty acid transport across the inner
mitochondrial matrix via the CAT mechanism. Additionally, EPA can
increase mitochondrial lipid oxidation indirectly by inhibiting acetyl-
CoA carboxylase, which is the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of
malignly CoA, and is a potent inhibitor of CAT I. Moreover, EPA and
DHA can also decrease the sensitivity of CAT I to malignly CoA, which
may allow a higher rate of lipid oxidation across a variety of different
metabolic states. It is also possible that omega 3 fatty acids may
influence total body lipid accretion by increasing thermogenesis as a
result of increased activity of uncoupling proteins and peroxisomes
and/or by increasing lean body mass, which would indirectly increase
thermogenesis.
⩥Which common food has been shown to be an effective aid to post-
exercise muscle recovery?. Answer: low-fat milk
⩥What are the trace minerals?. Answer: -iron
-zinc
-manganese
-copper
-fluoride
-molybdenum
,-iodine
-chromium
-selenium
⩥iron. Answer: component of proteins and enzymes, heme, cytochrome
in ETC, NT synthesis and protein synthesis
⩥zinc. Answer: cellular metabolism including catalytic, structural, and
regulatory roles, enzyme, cell membrane, and protein component in
copper-zinc SOD (antioxidant)
⩥manganese. Answer: primarily works as a coenzyme that facilitates
various metabolic processes in the body. The benefits of manganese in
the body vary largely. It is involved in bone formation, thyroid function,
formation of connective tissues, sex hormone function, calcium
absorption, blood sugar regulation, immune function, and in fat and
CHO metabolism
⩥copper. Answer: is required in the formation of Hb, RBC's, bones,
while it helps with the formation of elastin as well as collagen—making
it necessary for wound healing
⩥fluoride. Answer: small amounts of fluoride help reduce tooth decay.
Adding fluoride to tap water helps reduce cavities in children by more
than half
, ⩥molybdenum. Answer: several functions of molybdenum include the
prevention of dental caries, iron metabolism, uric acid excretion and
maintenance of normal sexual function in males. Essential for utilizing
nitrogen in the air, is a trace element responsible for several biochemical
processes involving cellular structures of the body. Cellular respiration
and the utilization of oxygen are dependent on molybdenum to function
normally. Harnessing free radicals and preventing DNA and RNA
missteps in reproduction, as well as the maintenance of cell membrane.
⩥iodine. Answer: essential component of the thyroid hormones T3 and
T4. Thyroid hormones regulate many important biochemical reactions,
including protein synthesis and enzymatic activity, and are critical
determinants of metabolic activity. They are also required for proper
skeletal and central nervous system development in fetuses and infants.
⩥chromium. Answer: essential mineral. Cher III is in foods and involved
in glucose metabolism by enhancing the function of insulin
⩥selenium. Answer: selenium dependent enzymes are essential to
normal function, glutathione preoxidase converts ROS (H2O2) into H2O
⩥What are the functions of testosterone in men and women?. Answer:
produced in the testes (men) and small amounts in the ovaries (women),
is sensitive to mechanical overload and levels increase in response to
resistance training
