HIEU 202 Exam 1 Questions and Answers With Verified Solutions 2025
Conditions of life in Early Modern Europe - *Unstable
Feudal order eroding- nobles, peasants
*World of death- "nasty, brutish, short", poverty was the norm, average lifespan of 25-27 years
*The killers: WAR, plague (Black Death killed ⅓ of population), childbirth, starvation, hygiene
*Marriage/Family- basic unit of society and economy, extended family, unpredictability of life put
pressure to marry young, marriages broken by death, sense of community
Louis XIV - (1638-1715) Known as the Sun King, he was an absolute monarch that completely controlled
France. One of his greatest accomplishments was the building of the palace at Versailles.
The Society of Orders - (Estate)- 3 tiers, 1st Clergy (priests), 2nd Aristocracy (knights/law), 3rd (everyone
else/workers, 98%, craftsman, peasants, farmers), each group had laws, aristocrats couldn't be involved
in business, Jews were hindered, class determined by birth
Versailles - A palace built by Louis XIV outside of Paris; it was home to Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
The traditional economy - An economy in which production is based on customs and traditions and
economic roles are typically passed down from one generation to the next.
Siege of Vienna - (1683) Ottoman Empire attemped to invade Vienna but they were stopped by Leopold
I
The Agricultural Revolution - 1400s, pre-industrial needed 6 people working to feed 10, produced
enough to eat, family was prominent production, commerce was trade/barter, no government central
economy, church provides welfare, work was seasonal and task-oriented, time was season-oriented,
farmers changed from 3 field 1 fallow to 4 field green rotation, potato introduced(easy and nutritious)
War of the Spanish Succession - a conflict, lasting from 1701 to 1713, in which a number of European
states fought to prevent the Bourbon family from controlling Spain as well as France,
This was the war between France and Spain in order to unite the two states under one ruler, Phillip V
, Guilds - "guilds" oversee trades for standards of production and regulate prices and oversaw promotion
Common Law - A legal system based on custom and court rulings
The Commercial Revolution - necessities made at home farm, trained craftsman for wood and silk etc.,
"guilds" oversee trades for standards of production and regulate prices and oversaw promotion, 7 year
servant idea came from Bible, change in surplus from productivity, merchants sold surplus, surplus
reinvested economy, economic divisions in population of producers and owners, elite, source of wealth
wasn't just owning land but turned to production/commerce
Parliament - Britain's law-making assembly
Marco Polo - 17, Venetian merchant, traveled to China, Silk Route, spices, medicine, published account
and gave awareness of China
Charles I - King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649). His power struggles with Parliament
resulted in the English Civil War (1642-1648) in which Charles was defeated. He was tried for treason
and beheaded in 1649
The Renaissance - "rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of
interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome,
Italy, Dark Ages, Greek intellectuals flee Turks and go to Italy, Florence was assembly of talent
English Civil War - Conflict from 1640 to 1660; featured religious disputes mixed with constitutional
issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; ended with restoration of the monarchy in 1660
following execution of previous king
The Age of Discovery - a period of time from the 15th to 17th century in which Europeans explored and
mapped the world
increased knowledge of world and resources, improved nautical technology and cartography,
emergence of wealthy nation-states, Marco Polo (17, Venetian merchant, traveled to China, Silk Route,
spices, medicine, published account and gave awareness of China), 1453 Turks closed Silk Route to
China, Christopher Columbus
Conditions of life in Early Modern Europe - *Unstable
Feudal order eroding- nobles, peasants
*World of death- "nasty, brutish, short", poverty was the norm, average lifespan of 25-27 years
*The killers: WAR, plague (Black Death killed ⅓ of population), childbirth, starvation, hygiene
*Marriage/Family- basic unit of society and economy, extended family, unpredictability of life put
pressure to marry young, marriages broken by death, sense of community
Louis XIV - (1638-1715) Known as the Sun King, he was an absolute monarch that completely controlled
France. One of his greatest accomplishments was the building of the palace at Versailles.
The Society of Orders - (Estate)- 3 tiers, 1st Clergy (priests), 2nd Aristocracy (knights/law), 3rd (everyone
else/workers, 98%, craftsman, peasants, farmers), each group had laws, aristocrats couldn't be involved
in business, Jews were hindered, class determined by birth
Versailles - A palace built by Louis XIV outside of Paris; it was home to Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
The traditional economy - An economy in which production is based on customs and traditions and
economic roles are typically passed down from one generation to the next.
Siege of Vienna - (1683) Ottoman Empire attemped to invade Vienna but they were stopped by Leopold
I
The Agricultural Revolution - 1400s, pre-industrial needed 6 people working to feed 10, produced
enough to eat, family was prominent production, commerce was trade/barter, no government central
economy, church provides welfare, work was seasonal and task-oriented, time was season-oriented,
farmers changed from 3 field 1 fallow to 4 field green rotation, potato introduced(easy and nutritious)
War of the Spanish Succession - a conflict, lasting from 1701 to 1713, in which a number of European
states fought to prevent the Bourbon family from controlling Spain as well as France,
This was the war between France and Spain in order to unite the two states under one ruler, Phillip V
, Guilds - "guilds" oversee trades for standards of production and regulate prices and oversaw promotion
Common Law - A legal system based on custom and court rulings
The Commercial Revolution - necessities made at home farm, trained craftsman for wood and silk etc.,
"guilds" oversee trades for standards of production and regulate prices and oversaw promotion, 7 year
servant idea came from Bible, change in surplus from productivity, merchants sold surplus, surplus
reinvested economy, economic divisions in population of producers and owners, elite, source of wealth
wasn't just owning land but turned to production/commerce
Parliament - Britain's law-making assembly
Marco Polo - 17, Venetian merchant, traveled to China, Silk Route, spices, medicine, published account
and gave awareness of China
Charles I - King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649). His power struggles with Parliament
resulted in the English Civil War (1642-1648) in which Charles was defeated. He was tried for treason
and beheaded in 1649
The Renaissance - "rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of
interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome,
Italy, Dark Ages, Greek intellectuals flee Turks and go to Italy, Florence was assembly of talent
English Civil War - Conflict from 1640 to 1660; featured religious disputes mixed with constitutional
issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; ended with restoration of the monarchy in 1660
following execution of previous king
The Age of Discovery - a period of time from the 15th to 17th century in which Europeans explored and
mapped the world
increased knowledge of world and resources, improved nautical technology and cartography,
emergence of wealthy nation-states, Marco Polo (17, Venetian merchant, traveled to China, Silk Route,
spices, medicine, published account and gave awareness of China), 1453 Turks closed Silk Route to
China, Christopher Columbus
