Pathophysiology exam 2| |Exam
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A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of
the following fluid compartments? - ANSWERS-Intravascular fluid
A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic hormones. When the
patient asks the nurse what do these hormones do, how should the nurse respond?
Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of: - ANSWERS-Sodium
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing
him with severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The
nurse administers a hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be
expected? - ANSWERS-Intracellular dehydration
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A
patient with: - ANSWERS-dehydration
,The most common cause of pure water deficit is: - ANSWERS-A. renal water loss
Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with: - ANSWERS-Hypertonic
hyponatremia
A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion, and depressed
reflexes. His wife indicates that he does not follow the prescribed diet and takes his
medication sporadically. Lab results indicate hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding
is most likely to occur? - ANSWERS-decreased sodium
When taking care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which principle is priority?
Hyperkalemia causes a(n) _____ in resting membrane potential with _____ excitability
of cardiac muscle. - ANSWERS-increase, increased
A primary care provider is talking about plasma proteins synthesized by lymphocytes in
the lymph nodes. What is the primary care provider describing? - ANSWERS-antibodies
While reviewing lab results, the nurse recalls the most abundant cells in the blood are: -
ANSWERS-erythrocytes
An adult patients blood sample is analyzed in a laboratory. Assuming a normal sample,
which type of white blood cell accounts for the highest percentage? - ANSWERS-
neutrophils
A group of cells isolated in the laboratory have membrane-bound granules in their
cytoplasm and they show phagocytic activity. Which of the following cells is most
similar?
A) Monocyte
B) Macrophage
C) Lymphocyte
,D) Eosinophils - ANSWERS-eosinophils
While planning care for a patient with inflammation, which principle will the nurse
remember? The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the: - ANSWERS-
neutrophil
A patient has researched white blood cells on the Internet. Which statement indicates
the patient has a good understanding? _______________ contain preformed granules
of vasoactive amines.
A) Neutrophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Monocytes
D) Basophils - ANSWERS-basophils
A nurse recalls that monocytes are blood cells that mature (differentiate) into:
a. Macrophages
b. Neutrophils
c. Eosinophils
d. Mast cells - ANSWERS-macrophages
Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has long-term
potassium deficits? - ANSWERS-kidneys
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle weakness
and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of
the following could be the cause of her condition? - ANSWERS-Primary
hyperaldosteronism
A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting restlessness, muscle
cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following
could have caused his condition? - ANSWERS-acidosis
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is ICF? -
ANSWERS-42 L- the total volume of body water for a 70 kg person is about 42 L (60%)
, While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a
higher risk for developing dehydration because they have a(n): - ANSWERS-decreased
muscle mass
acids is accomplished by the: - ANSWERS-lungs
Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because carbonic acid and bicarbonate exist in
a ratio of: - ANSWERS-20:1
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with: - ANSWERS-
Excessive loss of chloride (Cl)
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A
patient diagnosed with: - ANSWERS-renal failure
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by: -
ANSWERS-hyperventilating
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis? - ANSWERS-
pneumonia
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness,
shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased
CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of: -
ANSWERS-respiratory acidosis
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include: -
ANSWERS-Kidney excretion of H+
A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports dizziness,
confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased
2026 MOST RecentTested,Actual Exam
Questions (2026) WITH Recent Newest
Verified And Well Analyzed Exam
Questions (Actual Exam 2026-2027)
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(100% Accurate Solutions) ||ALREADY
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A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of
the following fluid compartments? - ANSWERS-Intravascular fluid
A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic hormones. When the
patient asks the nurse what do these hormones do, how should the nurse respond?
Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of: - ANSWERS-Sodium
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing
him with severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The
nurse administers a hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be
expected? - ANSWERS-Intracellular dehydration
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A
patient with: - ANSWERS-dehydration
,The most common cause of pure water deficit is: - ANSWERS-A. renal water loss
Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with: - ANSWERS-Hypertonic
hyponatremia
A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion, and depressed
reflexes. His wife indicates that he does not follow the prescribed diet and takes his
medication sporadically. Lab results indicate hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding
is most likely to occur? - ANSWERS-decreased sodium
When taking care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which principle is priority?
Hyperkalemia causes a(n) _____ in resting membrane potential with _____ excitability
of cardiac muscle. - ANSWERS-increase, increased
A primary care provider is talking about plasma proteins synthesized by lymphocytes in
the lymph nodes. What is the primary care provider describing? - ANSWERS-antibodies
While reviewing lab results, the nurse recalls the most abundant cells in the blood are: -
ANSWERS-erythrocytes
An adult patients blood sample is analyzed in a laboratory. Assuming a normal sample,
which type of white blood cell accounts for the highest percentage? - ANSWERS-
neutrophils
A group of cells isolated in the laboratory have membrane-bound granules in their
cytoplasm and they show phagocytic activity. Which of the following cells is most
similar?
A) Monocyte
B) Macrophage
C) Lymphocyte
,D) Eosinophils - ANSWERS-eosinophils
While planning care for a patient with inflammation, which principle will the nurse
remember? The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the: - ANSWERS-
neutrophil
A patient has researched white blood cells on the Internet. Which statement indicates
the patient has a good understanding? _______________ contain preformed granules
of vasoactive amines.
A) Neutrophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Monocytes
D) Basophils - ANSWERS-basophils
A nurse recalls that monocytes are blood cells that mature (differentiate) into:
a. Macrophages
b. Neutrophils
c. Eosinophils
d. Mast cells - ANSWERS-macrophages
Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has long-term
potassium deficits? - ANSWERS-kidneys
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle weakness
and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of
the following could be the cause of her condition? - ANSWERS-Primary
hyperaldosteronism
A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting restlessness, muscle
cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following
could have caused his condition? - ANSWERS-acidosis
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is ICF? -
ANSWERS-42 L- the total volume of body water for a 70 kg person is about 42 L (60%)
, While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a
higher risk for developing dehydration because they have a(n): - ANSWERS-decreased
muscle mass
acids is accomplished by the: - ANSWERS-lungs
Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because carbonic acid and bicarbonate exist in
a ratio of: - ANSWERS-20:1
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with: - ANSWERS-
Excessive loss of chloride (Cl)
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis? A
patient diagnosed with: - ANSWERS-renal failure
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by: -
ANSWERS-hyperventilating
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis? - ANSWERS-
pneumonia
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness,
shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased
CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of: -
ANSWERS-respiratory acidosis
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include: -
ANSWERS-Kidney excretion of H+
A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports dizziness,
confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased
