Med Surg- GASTROINTESTINAL| RECENT
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Terms in this set (82)
What is a hernia? a protrusion of internal body organs through the
muscular wall
What are some common sites 1. umbilicus- common in children and obesity
where hernias are found? 2. groin (inguinal)- more common in males
3. hiatal (epigastric)- opening of diaphragm
(where esophagus passes through)
What are common risk factors 1. lifting heavy objects
associated with hernias? 2. chronic coughs
3. straining to void or defecating
(CONSTIPATION)
4. sneezing
,What are the three hernia 1. REDUCIBLE= protruding organ can e returned
classifications? to its proper place by pressing on organ
2. IRREDUCIBLE= protruding organ is tightly
wedged outside of the cavity and cannot be
pushed back through the opening
3. STRANGULATED= protruding part is not
replaceable and its blood supply is cut off
completely
What are some complications -"lump" or local swelling at the site especially
related to hernias? with umbilical/ inguinal/ femoral
-pain occurs when peritoneum becomes irritated
or with incarcerated and strangulated
-possible intestinal obstruction if intestine
becomes blocked by incarcerated hernia
-hiatal hernia: more GI symptoms
a. heart burn
b. regurgitation
c. dysphagia
What kind of surgery is done to -Herniorrhaphy
remove a hernia? -Out patient- procedure last about 30 minutes
-Few complications
-Conventional, Tension free mesh technique,
Laparoscopic
What is a hemorrhoid? varicosities of the veins of the rectum
, What is the pathophysiology of -Hemorrhoids develop when the supporting
hemorrhoids? tissues of the anal cushions disintegrate or
deteriorate.
-Hemorrhoids are therefore the pathological
term to describe the abnormal downward
displacement of the anal cushions causing
venous dilatation.
What are s/s of hemorrhoids? 1. local pain and itching
2. bleeding with defecation
3. swelling can be significant- when not inflamed
(50% of people have flat pieces of tissue by the
age of 50)
What are some predisposing 1. constipation and straining
causes of hemorrhoids? 2. prolonged sitting or standing
3. pregnancy due to pelvic congestion and
during labor
What are some treatments used for 1. Correcting constipation- high fiber,
hemorrhoids? laxatives/stool softeners, fluids, activity
2. Heat or cold application
3. Sitz baths
4. Ointments, suppositories, local anesthetic
(Anusol, Proctosol)
5. Sclerotherapy: injection of solution that causes
the vessel to dry up and disintegrate
6. Cryotherapy: freezing causes necrosis and
shriveling
7. Photocoagulation- burning the tissue
8. Hemorrhoidectomy- laser or standard surgical
procedure (post op rectal tube or packing to
absorb blood and allow flatus to pass)
9. Rubber band legation- cut off blood supply
UPDATE|COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS |GET IT 100% ACCURATE!!
Save
Terms in this set (82)
What is a hernia? a protrusion of internal body organs through the
muscular wall
What are some common sites 1. umbilicus- common in children and obesity
where hernias are found? 2. groin (inguinal)- more common in males
3. hiatal (epigastric)- opening of diaphragm
(where esophagus passes through)
What are common risk factors 1. lifting heavy objects
associated with hernias? 2. chronic coughs
3. straining to void or defecating
(CONSTIPATION)
4. sneezing
,What are the three hernia 1. REDUCIBLE= protruding organ can e returned
classifications? to its proper place by pressing on organ
2. IRREDUCIBLE= protruding organ is tightly
wedged outside of the cavity and cannot be
pushed back through the opening
3. STRANGULATED= protruding part is not
replaceable and its blood supply is cut off
completely
What are some complications -"lump" or local swelling at the site especially
related to hernias? with umbilical/ inguinal/ femoral
-pain occurs when peritoneum becomes irritated
or with incarcerated and strangulated
-possible intestinal obstruction if intestine
becomes blocked by incarcerated hernia
-hiatal hernia: more GI symptoms
a. heart burn
b. regurgitation
c. dysphagia
What kind of surgery is done to -Herniorrhaphy
remove a hernia? -Out patient- procedure last about 30 minutes
-Few complications
-Conventional, Tension free mesh technique,
Laparoscopic
What is a hemorrhoid? varicosities of the veins of the rectum
, What is the pathophysiology of -Hemorrhoids develop when the supporting
hemorrhoids? tissues of the anal cushions disintegrate or
deteriorate.
-Hemorrhoids are therefore the pathological
term to describe the abnormal downward
displacement of the anal cushions causing
venous dilatation.
What are s/s of hemorrhoids? 1. local pain and itching
2. bleeding with defecation
3. swelling can be significant- when not inflamed
(50% of people have flat pieces of tissue by the
age of 50)
What are some predisposing 1. constipation and straining
causes of hemorrhoids? 2. prolonged sitting or standing
3. pregnancy due to pelvic congestion and
during labor
What are some treatments used for 1. Correcting constipation- high fiber,
hemorrhoids? laxatives/stool softeners, fluids, activity
2. Heat or cold application
3. Sitz baths
4. Ointments, suppositories, local anesthetic
(Anusol, Proctosol)
5. Sclerotherapy: injection of solution that causes
the vessel to dry up and disintegrate
6. Cryotherapy: freezing causes necrosis and
shriveling
7. Photocoagulation- burning the tissue
8. Hemorrhoidectomy- laser or standard surgical
procedure (post op rectal tube or packing to
absorb blood and allow flatus to pass)
9. Rubber band legation- cut off blood supply
