Assessment 4: NURS100 / NURS 100 Fundamentals of Nursing | Latest Update | Questions with Correct Answers | Grade A – WCU

Assessment 4: NURS100 / NURS 100 Fundamentals of Nursing | Latest 2026 2027 Update | Questions with Correct Answers | Grade A – WCU 2026 / 2027 Academic Year Q: A nurse is discussing restorative health care with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following examples should the nurse include in her teaching? (Select all that apply.) A) Home health care B) Rehabilitation facilities C) Diagnostic centers D) Skilled nursing facilities. E) Oncology centers. A) Home Health Care B) Rehabilitation facilities D) Skilled nursing facilities Q: A nurse is explaining the various types of health care coverage clients might have to a group of nurses. Which of the following health care financing mechanisms should the nurse include as federally funded? (Select all that apply.) A) Preferred provider organization (PPO) B) Medicare C) Long-term care insurance D) Exclusive provider organization (EPO) E) Medicaid B) Medicare E) Medicaid Q: A nurse manager is developing strategies to care for the increasing number of clients who have obesity. Which of the following actions should the nurse include as a primary health care strategy? A) Collaborating with providers to perform obesity screenings during routine office visits. B) Ensuring the availability of specialized beds in rehabilitation centers for clients who have obesity. C) Providing specialized intraoperative training in surgical treatments for obesity. D) Educating acute care nurses about postoperative complications related to obesity. A) Identifying obesity screenings at office visits as an example of primary health care. Primary health care emphasizes health promotion and disease control, is often delievered during office visits, and includes screening. Q: A nurse is discussing the purpose of regulatory agencies during a staff meeting. Which of the following tasks should the nurse identify as the responsibility of state licensing boards? A) Monitoring evidence-based practice for clients who have a specific diagnosis. B) Ensuring the healthcare providers comply with regulations. C) Setting quality standards for accreditation of health care facilities. D) Determining whether medications are safe for administration to clients. B) Identifying that state licensing board are responsible for ensuring that health care providers and agencies comply with state regulations. Q: A nurse is explaining the various levels of healthcare services to a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following examples of care or care settings should the nurses classify as tertiary care? (Select all the apply.) A) Intensive care unit B) Oncology treatment center C) Burn Center D) Cardiac Rehabilitation E) Home Healthcare A, B, C Q: List the six QSEN competencies, along with a brief description of each: Safety: Minimization of risk factors that could cause injury or harm while promoting quality care and maintaining a secure environment for clients, self, and others. Patient-centered care: Provision of caring and compassionate, culturally sensitive care that addresses clients' physiological, psychological, sociological, spiritual, and cultural needs, preferences, and values. Evidence-based practice: Use of current knowledge from research and other credible sources on which to base clinical judgment and client care. Informatics: Use of information technology as a communication and information gathering tool that supports clinical decision-making and scientifically based nursing practices. Quality Improvement: Care-related and organizational processes that involve the development and implementation of a plan to improve health care services and better meet clients needs. Teamwork and collaboration: Delivery of client care in partnership with multidisciplinary members of the health care team to achieve continuity of care and positive client outcomes. Teamwork and collaboration: Q: A nurse is caring for a patient in the ICU who is being monitored for a possible cerebral aneurysm following a loss of consciousness in the emergency room. The nurse anticipates preparing the patient for ordered diagnostic tests. This nurse's knowledge of the diagnostic procedures for this condition reflects which aspect of nursing? The science of nursing Which nurse who was influential in the development of nursing in North America is regarded as the founder of American Nursing? Florence Nightingale Q: In early civilizations, the theory of animism attempted to explain the mysterious changes occurring in bodily functions.Which statement describes a component of the development of nursing that occurred in this era? The nurse was the mother who cared for her family during sickness by using herbal remedies Q: World War II had a tremendous effect on the nursing profession. Which developed occurred during this period? There was a shortage of nurses and an increased emphasis on education. Q: Which phrase describes a purpose of the ANA's Nursing's Social Policy Statement? To define the scope of nursing practice To establish a knowledge base for nursing practice To Describe nursing's social responsibility Q: One of the four broad aims of nursing practice is to restore health. Which examples of nursing interventions reflect this goal? A nurse counsels adolescents in a drug rehabilitation program A nurse performs range-of-motion exercises for a patient on bed rest A nurse shows a diabetic patient how to inject insulin Q: Nursing is recognized increasingly as a profession based on which defining criteria? Professional group Code of Ethics Ongoing research Q: A nurse is practicing as a nurse-midwife in a busy OB-GYN office. Which degree in nursing is necessary to practice at this level? MSN (Master's Science Nursing Degree) Q: Nurse practice acts are established in each state of the United States to regulate nursing practice. What common element of every state practice act? Define the legal scope of nursing practice Q: The National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice identifies critical challenges to nursing practice in the 21 st century. What is current health care trend contributing to these challenges? Older and more acultely ill patients Q: A nurse is caring for a group of clients on a medical-surgical unit. For which of the following client care needs should the nurse initiate a referral for a social worker? (type all that apply) A. A client who has terminal cancer requests hospice care in her home. B. A client asks about community resources available for older adults. C. A client states that she wants her child baptized before surgery. D. A client requests an electric wheelchair for use after discharge. E. A client states that he does not understand how to use a nebulizer. A, B, D Q: A goal for a client who has difficulty with self-feeding due to rheumatoid arthritis is to use adaptive devices. The nurse caring for the client should initiate a referral to which of the following members of the inter professional care team? A. Social worker B. Certified nursing assistant C. Registered dietician D. Occupational therapist D Q: A client who is postoperative following knee arthroplasty is concerned about the adverse effects of the medication he is receiving for pain management. Which of the following members of the inter professional care team can assist the client in understanding the medication's effects? (type all that apply) A. Provider B. Certified nursing assistant C. Pharmacist D. Registered nurse E. Respiratory therapist A,C,D Q: A client who has had a cerebrovascular accident has persistent problems with dysphagia (difficulty swallowing). The nurse caring for the client should initiate a referral with which of the following members of the interprofessional care team? A. Social worker B. Certified nursing assistant C. Occupational therapist D. Speech-language pathologist D Q: A nurse is acquainting a group of newly licensed nurses with the roles of various Nurse practicioner (NP): Collaborative with one or more providers to deliever nonemergency primary health care in a variety of settings. members of the health care team they will encounter o a medical-surgical unit. When she gives examples of the types of tasks certified nursing assistants (CNAs) may perform, which of the following client activities should she include? (type all that apply) A. Bathing B. Ambulating C. Toileting D. Determining pain level E. Measuring vital signs A,B,C,E Q: Describe five types of advanced practice roles, including a brief description: Clinical nurse specialist (CNS): typically specializes in a practice setting or a clinical field. Certified Registered Nurse (CRNA): Administers anathesia and provides care during procesures under the supervision of an anaesthesologist. Certified nurse-midwife (CNM): Collaborates with one or more providers to deliver care to meternal newborn clients and their families. Nurse educator: Teaches in schools of nursing staff develoment departments in health care faciliities, or client education departments. Nurse administrator: Provides leadership to nursing departments within a healthcare facility. Nurse researcher: Conducts research primarilty to improve the quality of client care. Q: A student nurse asks an experienced nurse why it is necessary to change the patient's A. A nurse recruits an interprofessional team to develop and refine an EBP question. B. A nurse draws from personal experiences of being a patient to establish a therapeutic relationship with a patient. bed every day. The nurse answers: "I guess we have just always done it that way." This answer is an example of what type of knowledge? A. Instinctive knowledge B. Scientific knowledge C. Authoritative knowledge D. Traditional knowledge D. Traditional Knowledge A nurse is using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice (JHNEBP) model PET as a clinical decision-making tool when delivering care to patients. Which steps reflect the intended use of this tool? Select all that apply. C. A nurse searches the Internet to find the latest treatments for type 2 diabetes. D. A nurse uses spiritual training to draw strength when counseling a patient who is in hospice for an inoperable brain tumor. E. A nurse questions the protocol for assessing postoperative patients in the ICU.F. A nursing student studies anatomy and physiology of the body systems to understand the disease states of assigned patients a. A nurse recruits an interprofessional team to develop and refine an EBP question. c. A nurse searches the Internet to find the latest treatments for type 2 diabetes. e. A nurse questions the protocol for assessing postoperative patients in the ICU. A nurse is using general systems theory to describe the role of nursing to provide health promotion and patient teaching. Which statements reflect key points of this theory? Select all that apply. A. A system is a set of individual elements that rarely interact with each other. B. The whole system is always greater than the sum of its parts. C. Boundaries separate systems from each other and their environments. D. A change in one subsystem will not affect other subsystems. E. To survive, open systems maintain balance through feedback. F. A closed system allows input from or output to the environment. B. The whole system is always greater than the sum of its parts. C. Boundaries separate systems from each other and their environments. E. To survive, open systems maintain balance through feedback. A charge nurse meets with staff to outline a plan to provide transcultural nursing care for patients in their health care facility. Which theorist promoted this type of caring as the central theme of nursing care, knowledge, and practice? A. Madeline Leininger B. Jean Watson C. Dorothy E. Johnson D. Betty Newman A. Madeline Leininger A student nurse interacting with patients on a cardiac unit recognizes the four concepts in nursing theory that determine nursing practice. Of these four, which is most important? A. Person B. Environment C. Health D. Nursing Person A nurse manager schedules a clinic for the staff to address common nursing interventions used in the facility and to explore how they can be performed more efficiently and effectively. The nurse manager's actions to change clinical practice are an example of a situation described by which nursing theory? A. Prescriptive theory B. Descriptive theory C. Developmental theory D. General systems theory A) Prescriptive theory When conducting quantitative research, the researcher collects information to support a hypothesis. This information would be identified as: A. The subject B. Variables C. Data D. The instrument C) Data A nurse is conducting quantitative research to examine the effects of following nursing protocols in the emergency department (ED) on patient outcomes. This is also known as what type of research? A. Descriptive B. Correlational C. Quasi-experimental D. Experimental C. Quasi-experimental A nurse studies the culture of Native Alaskans to determine how their diet affects their overall state of health. Which method of qualitative research is the nurse using? A. Historical B. Ethnography C. Grounded theory D. Phenomenology Ethnography A nurse is formulating a clinical question in PICOT format. What does the letter P represent? A. Comparison to another similar protocol B. Clearly defined, focused literature review of procedures C. Specific identification of the purpose of the study D. Explicit descriptions of the population of interest D) Explicit descriptions of the population of interest. A nurse is caring for a client who decides not to have surgery despite significant blockages in his coronary arteries. The nurse understands that this client's choice is an example of which of the following ethical principles? A. Fidelty B. Autonomy C. Justice D. Nonmaleficence Autonomy A nurse offers pain meds to a client who is post op prior to ambulation. The nurse understands that this aspect of care delivery is an example of which of the following ethical principles? A. Fidelity B. Autonomy C. Justice D. Benefience D) Beneficence A nurse is instructing a group of nursing students about the responsibilities organ donation and procurement involve. When the nurse explains that all clients waiting for a kidney transplant have to meet the same qualifications, the students should understand that this aspect of which of the following ethical principles? A. Fidelity B. Autonomy C. Justice D. Nonmaleficence Justice A nurse questions a med prescription as too extreme in light of the client's advanced age and unstable status. The nurse understands that this action is an example of which of the following ethical principles? A. Fidelity B. Autonomy C. Justice D. Nonmaleficence D. Nonmaleficence A nurse is instructing a group of nursing students about how to know and what to expect when ethical dilemmas arise. Which of the following situations should the students identify as an ethical dilemma? A. A nurse on a med surg unit demonstrates signs of chemical impairment B. A nurse overhears another nurse telling an older adult client that if he does not stay in bed, she will have to apply restraints C. A family has conflicting feelings about the initiation of enteral tube feedings for their father, who is terminally ill. D. A client who is terminally ill hesitates to name her spouse on her durable power of attorney form. C. A family has conflicting feelings about the initiation of enteral tube feeding for their father, who is terminally ill. Define the ethical decision-making process? Ethical decision-making is a process that requires striking a balance between science and morality. List the steps of making an ethical decision Identifying whether the issue is an ethical dilemma. Gathering as much relevant information as possible about the dilemma. Reflecting on ones own value as they relate to the dilemma. Stating the ethical dilemma, including all surrounding issues and individuals it involves. Listing and analyzing all possible options for resolving the dilemma with implications of each option. Selecting the option that is in concert with the ethical principle that applies to this situation, the decision makers values and beliefs, and the professions values for client care. Justifying the selection of one option in light of relevant variables. A nurse working in a primary care facility assesses patients who are experiencing various levels of health and illness. Which statements define these two concepts? Select all that apply. a. Health and illness are the same for all people. b. Health and illness are individually defined by eachperson. c. People with acute illnesses are actually healthy. d. People with chronic illnesses have poor healthbeliefs. e. Health is more than the absence of illness. f. Illness is the response of a person to a disease. B, E, F A nurse working in a hospital setting cares for patients with acute and chronic conditions. Which disease states are chronic illnesses? Select all that apply. a. Diabetes mellitus b. Bronchial pneumonia c. Rheumatoid arthritis d. Cystic fibrosis e. Fractured hip f. Otitis media A, C, D Despite a national focus on health promotion, nurses working with patients in inner-city clinics continue to see disparities in health care for vulnerable populations. Which patients are considered vulnerable populations? Select all that apply. a. A White male diagnosed with HIV b. An African American teenager who is 6 monthspregnant c. A Hispanic male who has type II diabetes d. A low-income family living in rural America e. A middle-class teacher living in a large city f. A White baby who was born with cerebral palsy B, C, D, F A nurse has volunteered to give influenza immunizations at a local clinic. What level of care is the nurse demonstrating? a. Tertiary b. Secondary c. Primary d. Promotive(Taylor 63) C A patient in a community health clinic tells the nurse, "I have a high temperature, feel awful, and I am not going to work." What stage of illness behavior is the patient exhibiting? a. Stage 1: Experiencing symptoms b. Stage 2: Assuming the sick role c. Stage 3: Assuming a dependent role d. Stage 4: Achieving recovery and rehabilitation B Based on the components of the physical human dimension, the nurse would expect which clinic patient to be most likely to have annual breast examinations and mammograms? a. Jane, whose best friend had a benign breast lumpremoved b. Sarah, who lives in a low-income neighborhood c. Tricia, who has a family history of breast cancer d. Nancy, whose family encourages regular physicalexaminations C Nurses perform health promotion activities at a primary, secondary, or tertiary level. Which nursing actions are considered tertiary health promotion? Select all that apply. a. A nurse runs an immunization clinic in the inner city. b. A nurse teaches a patient with an amputation how tocare for the residual limb. c. A nurse provides range-of-motion exercises for aparalyzed patient. d. A nurse teaches parents of toddlers how tochildproof their homes. e. A school nurse provides screening for scoliosis forthe students. f. A nurse teaches new parents how to choose and usean infant car seat. B, C The nurse uses the agent-host-environment model of health and illness to assess diseases in patients. This model is based on what concept? a. Risk factors b. Demographic variables c. Behaviors to promote health d. Stages of illness A A nurse incorporates concepts from current models of health when providing health promotion classes for patients. What is a key concept of both the health-illness continuum and the high-level wellness models? a. Illness as a fixed point in time b. The importance of family c. Wellness as a passive state d. Health as a constantly changing state D. A nurse working in a long-term care facility personally follows accepted guidelines for a healthy lifestyle. How does this nurse promote health in the residents of this facility? a. By being a role model for healthy behaviors b. By not requiring sick days from work c. By never exposing others to any type of illness d. By budgeting time and resources efficiently A. A nurses is caring for a client who is 24 hr postoperative following an inguinal hernia repair. The client is tolerating clear liquids well, has active bowel sounds, and is expressing a desire for "real food". The nurse tells the client that she will call the surgeon and ask. The surgeon hears the nurse's report and prescribes a full liquid diet. The nurse used which of the following levels of critical thinking? A. Basic B. Commitment C. Complex D. Integrity A. Basic A nurse receives a prescription for an antibiotic for a client who has cellulitis. The nurse checks the client's medical record, discovers that she is allergic to the antibiotic, and calls the provider to request a prescription for a different antibiotic. Which of the following critical thinking attitudes did the nurse demonstrate? A. Fairness B. Responsibility C. Risk taking D. Creativity B. Responsibility A nurse is caring for a client who is 24 hr postoperative following abdominal surgery. The nurse suspects the client's pain management is inadequate. Which of the following data reinforce this suspicion? (Select all that apply) A. The client seems easily agitated B. The client is non adherent with coughing, deep breathing, and dangling. C. The client may have pain medication every 4-6 hrs but accepts it every 6-7 hrs. D. The client reports tenderness in his right lower leg. E. The client's vital signs are heart rate 110/min, respiratory rate 20/min, temp 37, and BP 136/80. B.The client is non adherent with coughing, deep breathing, and dangling. C.The client may have pain medication every 4-6 hrs but accepts it every 6-7 hrs. E. The client's vital signs are heart rate 110/min, respiratory rate 20/min, temp 37, and BP 136/80. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for antihypertensive medication. Prior to administering the the medication, the nurse uses an electronic database to gather information about the medication and the effects it might have on this client. Which of the following components of critical thinking is the nurse using when he reviews the medication information? A. Knowledge B. Experience C. Intuition D. Competence A) Knowledge A nurse uses a head-to-toe approach to conduct a physical assessment of a client who will undergo surgery the following week. Which of the following critical thinking attitudes did the nurse demonstrate? A. Confidence B. Perseverance C. Integrity D. Discipline D. Discipline List three critical thinking skills for each of the five steps of the nursing process. Assessment/Data Collection -Observe -Use correct techniques for collecting data. -Differentiate between relevant and irrevelant data and between important and unimportant data. -Organize, categorize, and validate data. -Interpret assessment data and draw a conclusion. Analysis/Data Collection -Identify/clusters and cues. -Detect inferences -Recognize an actual or potential problem of risk. -Avoid making judgments. Planning -Identify goals and outcomes for client care. -Set priorities -Determine appropriate strategies and interventions for inclusion on a plan of care or teaching plan. -Take knowledge and apply it to more than one situation. -Create outcome criteria. -Theorize. -Consider the consequence of implementation. Implementation -Use knowledge base. -Use appropriate skills and teaching strategies. -Test theories. -Delegate and supervise nursing care. -Communicate appropriately in response to a situation. Evaluation -Determine accuracy of theories. -Evaluate outcomes based on specific criteria. -Determine understanding of teaching. During rounds, a charge nurse hears the patient care technician yelling loudly to a patient regarding a transfer from the bed to chair. Upon entering the room, what is the nurse's BEST response? A) "You need to speak to the patient quietly so you don't disturb the other patients." B) "Let me help you with your transfer technique." C) "When you are finished, be sure to apologize for your rough demeanor." D) "When your patient is safe and comfortable, meet me at the desk." D) "When your patient is safe and comfortable, meet me at the desk." A public health nurse is leaving the home of a young mother who has a special needs baby. The neighbor states, "How is she doing, since the baby's father is no help?" What is the nurse's BEST response to the neighbor? A) "New mothers need support." B) "The lack of a father is difficult." C) "How are you today?" D) "It is a very sad situation." A) "New mothers need support." A 3-year-old child is being admitted to a medical division for vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration. During the admission interview, the nurse should implement which communication techniques to elicit the most information from the parents? A) The use of reflective questions B) The use of closed questions C) The use of assertive questions D) The use of clarifying questions D) The use of clarifying questions A nurse enters a patient's room and examines the patient's IV fluids and cardiac monitor. The patient states, "Well, I haven't seen you before. Who are you?" What is the nurse's BEST response? A) "I'm just the IV therapist checking your IV." B) "I've been transferred to this division and will be caring for you." C) "I'm sorry, my name is John Smith and I am your nurse." D) "My name is John Smith, I am your nurse and I'll be caring for you until 11 PM." D) "My name is John Smith, I am your nurse and I'll be caring for you until 11 PM." A nurse enters the room of a patient with cancer. The patient is crying and states, "I feel so alone." Which response by the nurse is the most therapeutic action? A) The nurse stands at the patient's bedside and states, "I understand how you feel. My mother said the same thing when she was ill." B) The nurse places a hand on the patient's arm and states, "You feel so alone." C) The nurse stands in the patient's room and asks, "Why do you feel so alone? Your wife has been here every day." D) The nurse holds the patient's hand and asks, "What makes you feel so alone?" D) The nurse holds the patient's hand and asks, "What makes you feel so alone?" A nurse caring for a patient who is hospitalized following a double mastectomy is preparing a discharge plan for the patient. Which action should be the focus of this termination phase of the helping relationship? A) Determining the progress made in achieving established goals B) Clarifying when the patient should take medications C) Reporting the progress made in teaching to the staff D) Including all family members in the teaching session A) Determining the progress made in achieving established goals A nursing student is nervous and concerned about working at a clinical facility. Which action would BEST decrease anxiety and ensure success in the student's provision of patient care? A) Determining the established goals of the institution B) Ensuring that verbal and nonverbal communication is congruent C) Engaging in self-talk to plan the day and decrease fear D) Speaking with fellow colleagues about how they feel C) Engaging in self-talk to plan the day and decrease fear A nurse in the rehabilitation division states to the head nurse: "I need the day off and you didn't give it to me!" The head nurse replies, "Well, I wasn't aware you needed the day off, and it isn't possible since staffing is so inadequate." Instead of this exchange, what communication by the nurse would have been more effective? A) "I placed a request to have 8th of August off, but I'm working and I have a doctor's appointment." B) "I would like to discuss my schedule with you. I requested the 8th of August off for a doctor's appointment. Could I make an appointment?" C) "I will need to call in on the 8th of August because I have a doctor's appointment." D) "Since you didn't give me the 8th of August off, will I need to find someone to work for me?" B) "I would like to discuss my schedule with you. I requested the 8th of August off for a doctor's appointment. Could I make an appointment?" During a nursing staff meeting, the nurses resolve a problem of delayed documentation by agreeing unanimously that they will make sure all vital signs are reported and charted within 15 minutes following assessment. This is an example of which characteristics of effective communication? Select all that apply. A) Group decision making B) Group leadership C) Group power D) Group identity E) Group patterns of interaction F) Group cohesiveness A) Group decision making D) Group identity E) Group patterns of interaction F) Group cohesiveness A nurse notices a patient is walking to the bathroom with a stooped gait, facial grimacing, and gasping sounds. Based on these nonverbal clues, for which condition would the nurse assess? A) Pain B) Anxiety C) Depression D) Fluid volume deficit A) Pain A nursing student is preparing to administer morning care to a patient. What is the MOST important question that the nursing student should ask the patient about personal hygiene? A) "Would you prefer a bath or a shower?" B) "May I help you with a bed bath now or later this morning?" C) "I will be giving you your bath. Do you use soap or shower gel?" D) "I prefer a shower in the evening. When would you like your bath?" B) "May I help you with a bed bath now or later this morning?" A nurse is providing instruction to a patient regarding the procedure to change a colostomy bag. During the teaching session, the patient asks, "What type of foods should I avoid to prevent gas?" The patient's question allows for what type of communication on the nurse's part? A) A closed-ended answer B) Information clarification C) The nurse to give advice D) Assertive behavior B) Information clarification When interacting with a patient, the nurse answers, "I am sure everything will be fine. You have nothing to worry about." This is an example of what type of inappropriate communication technique?A) ClichéB) Giving adviceC) Being judgmentalD) Changing the subjectWhen interacting with a patient, the nurse answers, "I am sure everything will be fine. You have nothing to worry about." This is an example of what type of inappropriate communication technique? A) Cliché B) Giving advice C) Being judgmental D) Changing the subject A) Cliché A patient states, "I have been experiencing complications of diabetes." The nurse needs to direct the patient to gain more information. What is the MOST appropriate comment or question to elicit additional information? A) "Do you take two injections of insulin to decrease the complications?" B) "Most health care providers recommend diet and exercise to regulate blood sugar." C) "Most complications of diabetes are related to neuropathy." D) "What specific complications have you experienced?" D) "What specific complications have you experienced?" During an interaction with a patient diagnosed with epilepsy, a nurse notes that the patient is silent after communicating the nursing care plan. What would be appropriate nurse responses in this situation? Select all that apply. A) Fill the silence with lighter conversation directed at the patient. B) Use the time to perform the care that is needed uninterrupted. C) Discuss the silence with the patient to ascertain its meaning. D) Allow the patient time to think and explore inner thoughts. E) Determine if the patient's culture requires pauses between conversation. F) Arrange for a counselor to help the patient cope with emotional issues. C) Discuss the silence with the patient to ascertain its meaning. D) Allow the patient time to think and explore inner thoughts. E) Determine if the patient's culture requires pauses between conversation. A nurse is caring for a client who fell at a nursing home. The client is oriented to person, place, and time and can follow directions. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to decrease the risk of another fall? (select all that apply) C. Make sure that the client's call light is within reach D. Provide the client with nonskid footwear E. Complete a risk-risk assessment A nurse manager is reviewing with nurses on the unit the care of a client who has had a seizure. Which of the following statements by a nurse requires further instruction? "I will go to the nurse' station for assistance." A nurse observes smoke coming from under the door of the staff's lounge. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority? Move the clients who are nearby A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of falls. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority? Complete a fall-risk assessment A nurse discovers a small paper fire in a trash can in a client's bathroom. The client has been taken to safety and the alarm has been activated. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. open the windows in the client's room to allow smoke to escape b. obtain a class C fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire c. remove all electrical equipment from the client's room d. place wet towels along the base of the door to the client's room d. place wet towels along the base of the door to the client's room Describe at least six nursing responsibilities when caring for a client in either seclusion or restraints. ◯ Nursing responsibilities include knowing how often the client should be Assessed - Including neurosensory checks of affected extremities (circulation, sensation, mobility). These checks are usually done at least every 2 hr. Offered food and fluid. Provided with means for hygiene and elimination. Monitored for vital signs. Offered range of motion of extremities. ◯ Frequency of client assessments in regard to food, fluids, comfort, and safety should be performed and documented every 15 to 30 min. ◯ Other responsibilities include the following: Explaining the need for the restraint to the client and family, emphasizing that the restraint is needed to ensure the safety of the client and will be used only as long as it is necessary. Obtaining signed consent from client or guardian, if required. Reviewing the manufacturer's instructions for correct application. Removing or replacing restraints frequently to ensure adequate circulation to the area and allowing for full range of motion to the restricted limb. Padding bony prominences. Using a quick-release knot to tie the restraint to the bed frame where it will not tighten when the bed is raised or lowered. Ensuring that the restraint is loose enough for range of motion and with enough room to fit two fingers between the device and the client to prevent injury. Regularly assessing the need for continued use of the restraints to allow for discontinuation of the restraint or limiting the restraint at the earliest possible time. Never leaving the client unattended without the restraint. Completing documentation to include the following: Precipitating events and behavior of the client prior to seclusion or restraint Alternative actions taken to avoid seclusion or restraint The time restraints were applied and removed (if discontinued) Type of restraint used and location Client's behavior while restrained Type and frequency of care (range of motion, neurosensory checks, removal, integumentary checks) Condition of the body part being restrained Client's response when the restraint is removed Medication administration A nurse who is a discharge planner in a large metropolitan hospital is preparing a discharge plan for a patient after a kidney transplant. Which actions would this nurse typically perform to ensure continuity of care as the patient moves from acute care to home care? Select all that apply. a. Performing an admission health assessment b. Evaluating the nursing plan for effectiveness of care c. Participating in the transfer of the patient to the postoperative care unit d. Making referrals to appropriate facilities e. Maintaining records of patient satisfaction with services f. Assessing the strengths and limitations of the patient and family b. Evaluating the nursing plan for effectiveness of care d. Making referrals to appropriate facilities f. Assessing the strengths and limitations of the patient and family A discharge nurse is evaluating patients and their families to determine the need for a formal discharge plan or referrals to another facility. Which patients would most likely be a candidate for these services? Select all that apply. a. An older adult who is diagnosed with dementia in the hospital b. A 45-year-old man who is diagnosed with Parkinson's disease c. A 35-year-old woman who is receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer d. A 16-year-old boy who is being discharged with a cast on his leg e. A new mother who delivered a healthy infant via a cesarean birth f. A 59-year-old man who is diagnosed with end-stage bladder cancer a. An older adult who is diagnosed with dementia in the hospital b. A 45-year-old man who is diagnosed with Parkinson's disease f. A 59-year-old man who is diagnosed with end-stage bladder cancer A home healthcare nurse is scheduled to visit a 38-year-old woman who has been discharged from the hospital with a new colostomy. Which duties would the nurse perform for this patient in the entry phase of the home visit? Select all that apply. a. Collect information about the patient's diagnosis, surgery, and treatments. b. Call the patient to make initial contact and schedule a visit. c. Develop rapport with the patient and her family. d. Assess the patient to identify her needs. e. Assess the physical environment of the home. f. Evaluate safety issues including the neighborhood in which she lives c. Develop rapport with the patient and her family. d. Assess the patient to identify her needs. e. Assess the physical environment of the home. A hospital nurse is admitting a patient who sustained a head injury in a motor vehicle accident. Which activity could the nurse delegate to licensed assistive personnel? a. Collecting information for a health history b. Performing a physical assessment c. Contacting the healthcare provider for medical orders d. Preparing the bed and collecting needed supplies d. Preparing the bed and collecting needed supplies A nurse is preparing an infant and his family for a hernia repair to be performed in an ambulatory care facility. What is the primary role of the nurse during the admission process? a. To assist with screening tests b. To provide patient teaching c. To assess what has been done and what still needs to be done d. To assist with hernia repair c. To assess what has been done and what still needs to be done A patient is being transferred from the ICU to a regular hospital room. What must the ICU nurse be prepared to do as part of this transfer? a. Provide a verbal report to the nurse on the new unit. b. Provide a detailed written report to the unit secretary. c. Delegate the responsibility for providing information. d. Make a copy of the patient's medical record a. Provide a verbal report to the nurse on the new unit. Which statement or question MOST exemplifies the role of the nurse in establishing a discharge plan for a patient who has had major abdominal surgery? a. "I'll bet you will be so glad to be home in your own bed." b. "What are your expectations for recovery from your surgery?" c. "Be sure to take your pain medications and change your dressing." d. "You will just be fine! Please stop worrying." b. "What are your expectations for recovery from your surgery?" A nurse is counseling an older woman who has been hospitalized for dehydration secondary to a urinary tract infection. The patient tells the nurse: "I don't like being in the hospital. There are too many bad bugs in here. I'll probably go home sicker than I came in." She also insists that she is going to get dressed and go home. She has the capacity to make these decisions. What is the legal responsibility of the nurse in this situation? a. To inform the patient that only the primary healthcare provider can authorize discharge from a hospital b. To collect the patient's belongings and prepare the paperwork for the patient's discharge c. To request a psychiatric consult for the patient and inform her PCP of the results d. To explain that the choice carries a risk for increased complications and make sure that the patient has signed a release form d. To explain that the choice carries a risk for increased complications and make sure that the patient has signed a release form A nurse decides to become a home healthcare nurse. Which personal qualities are key to being successful as a community-based nurse? Select all that apply. a. Making accurate assessments b. Researching new treatments for chronic diseases c. Communicating effectively d. Delegating tasks appropriately e. Performing clinical skills effectively f. Making independent decisions a. Making accurate assessments c. Communicating effectively e. Performing clinical skills effectively f. Making independent decisions A nurse ensures that a hospital room prepared by an aide is ready for a new ambulatory patient. Which condition would the nurse ask the aide to correct? a. The bed linens are folded back. b. A hospital gown is on the bed. c. Equipment for taking vital signs is in the room. d. The bed is in the highest position. d. The bed is in the highest position. A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has a prescription for oxygen use at home. Which of the following information should the nurse include about home oxygen safety? (Select all that apply.) A. Family members who smoke must be at least 10 ft from the client when oxygen is in use. B. Nail polish should not be used near a client who is receiving oxygen. C. A "No Smoking" sign should be placed on the front door. D. Cotton bedding and clothing should be replaced with items made from wool. E. A fire extinguisher should be readily available in the home. b c e A nurse educator is presenting a module on basic first aid for newly licensed home health nurses. The nurse educator evaluates the teaching as effective when the newly licensed nurse states the client who has heatstroke will have which of the following? A. Hypotension B. Bradycardia C. Clammy skin D. Bradypnea A A nurse educator is conducting a parenting class for new parents of infants.Which of the following statements made by a participant indicates understanding of the instructions? A. "I will set my water heater at 130° F." B. "Once my baby can sit up, he should be safe in the bathtub." C. "I will place my baby on his stomach to sleep." D. "Once my infant starts to push up, I will remove the mobile from over the crib." D A home health nurse is discussing the dangers of carbon monoxide poisoning with a client. Which of the following information should the nurse include her counseling? A. Carbon monoxide has a distinct odor. B. Water heaters should be inspected every 5 years. C. The lungs are damaged from carbon monoxide inhalation. D. Carbon monoxide binds with hemoglobin in the body. D A home health nurse is discussing the dangers of food poisoning with a client. Which of the following information should the nurse include her counseling? (Select all that apply.) A. Most food poisoning is caused by a virus. B. Immunocompromised individuals are at risk for complications from food poisoning. C. Clients who are at high risk should eat or drink only pasteurized dairy products. D. Healthy individuals usually recover from the illness in a few weeks. E. Handling raw and fresh food separately can prevent food poisoning. b,c,e List four key elements that a home safety plan should include Emergency phone number Ensure that the number and placement of fire extinguisher and smoke alarms are adequate. Have a family exit plan for fires. Damp clothes and get close to floor. Reveiw oxygen safety measures. Absorption: The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood Enteric-coated tablets designed to dissolve in the alkaline environment of the small intestine Factors theat influence absorption: THE ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION, ABILITY OF THE MEDICATION TO DISSOLVE, BLOOD FLOW TO THE SITE OF ADMINISTRATION, BODY SURFACE AREA (BSA), AND LIPID SOLUBILITY OF MEDICATION Adverse Effects: ARE UNINTENDED, UNDESIRABLE RESPONSES TO MEDICATION. Anaphylatic Reaction ARE LIFE THREATENING. SUDDEN CONSTRICTION OF BRONCHIOLAR MUSCLES, EDEMA OF THE PHARYNX AND LARYNX, AND SEVERE WHEEZING AND SOB. Allergic Effect an immune system response to a drug that occurs when the body interprets the drug as a foreign substance and makes antibodies against the drug and typically occurs after a drug has already been introduced to the body. Symptoms range from mild to severe and can result in an immediate reaction or a delayed reaction. Drug Tolerance occurs because the body has adapted to the effects of a drug over a period of time and results in needing a larger dose of the drug to reach the desired effects. Biological Half/Life: THE TIME IT TAKES FOR EXCRETION PROCESSES TO LOWER THE AMOUNT OF UNCHANGED MEDICATION BY HALF. IT DOES NOT CHANGE, NO MATTER HOW MUCH MEDICATION IS GIVEN. Detoxify break down, and remove biologically active chemicals Biotransformation OCCURS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ENZYMES THAT DETOXIFY AND REMOVE BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE CHEMICALS. MOST IN LIVER. Buccal: INVOLVES PLACING THE SOLID MEDICATION IN THE MOUTH AGAINS THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF THE CHEEK UNTIL DISSOLVES. Idiosyncratic Reaction: OVERREACTS OR UNDERREACTS TO A MEDICATION OR HAS A REACTION DIFFERENT FROM NORMAL. Infusions: INTRODUCTION OF FLUID INTO THE VEIN; GIVING INTRAVENOUS FLUID OVER TIME. THE PEAK CONCENTRATION OCCURS QUICKLY, BUT THE SERUM LEVEL ALSO BEGINS TO FALL IMMEDIATELY. Injection PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICATION. PRODUCES THE MOST RAPID ABSORPTION BECAUSE MEDICATIONS ARE IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE WHEN THEY ENTER THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION. Four major sites of infection SUBCUTANEOUS INTRAMUSCULAR INTRAVENOUS INTRADERMAL Intracardiac AN INJECTION OF A MEDICATION DIRECTLY INTO CARDIAC TISSUE. Instillation: TO CAUSE TO ENTER DROP BY DROP OR VERY SLOWLY. Intraarticular AN INJECTION OF A MEDICATION INTO A JOINT. Intradermal (ID) INJECTION INTO THE DERMIS JUST UNDER THE EPIDERMIS Intramuscular (IM) INJECTION INTO A MUSCLE Intraocular MEDICATION DELIVERY WHICH INVOLVES INSERTING A MEDICATION SIMILAR TO A CONTACT LENS INTO THE PATIENTS EYE. Intravenous (IV) INJECTION INTO A VEIN Irrigations PROCESS OF WASHING OUT A BODY CAVITY OR WOUNDED AREA WITH A STREAM OF FLUID. Medication Allergy ADVERSE REACTION SUCH AS RASH, CHILLS, OR GI DISTURBANCES TO A MEDICATION. SYMPTOMS VARY. Medication Error CAN CAUSE OR LEAD TO INAPPROPRIATE MEDICATION USE OR PATIENT HARM. INCLUDE INACCURATE PRECRIBING, ADMINISTERING THE WRONG MEDICATIO, GIVING THE MEDICATION USING THE WRONG ROUTE OR TIME INTERVAL, AND ADMINISTERING EXTRA DOSES OR FAILING TO ADMINISTER A MEDICATION. Medication Interaction WHEN ONE MEDICATION MODIFIES THE ACTION OF ANOTHER. SOME MEDICATIONS INCREASE OR DIMINISH THE ACTION OF OTHERS AND MAY ALTER THE WAY ANOTHER MEDICATION IS ABSORBED, METABOLIZED, OR ELIMINATED FROM THE BODY. Medication Reconcilation WHEN A NURSE ADMITS A PATIENT TO A HEALTH CARE SETTING, HE OR SHE COMPARES THE MEDICATIONS THAT THE PATIENT TOOK IN THE PREVIOUS SETTING WITH HIS OR HER CURRENT MEDICATION ORDER. Nurse Practice Acts: HAVE THE MOST INFLUENCE OVER NURSING PRACTICE BY DEFINING THE SCOPE OF NURSES PROFESSIONAL FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES MOST ARE PURPOSEFULLY BROAD SO NURSES PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES ARE NOT LIMITED. Ophthalmic DRUGS GIVEN INTO THE EYE IN THE FORM OF EITHER EYE DROPS OR OINTMENTS. Parenteral Administration INVOLVES INJECTING A MEDICATION INTO BODY TISSUE Standing Order (Routine) Carried out until cancelled by another order, or discharged PRN Order "as needed" order for medication One time order The ordered drug is administered at a specific time/ASAP; ex: Bicitra 300 mg PO 30 minutes before surgery Stat order Any medication that is needed immediately and is to be given only once. Parts of Medication Order 1. Patient's name 2. Date and time the order is written 3. Name of drug to be administered 4. Dosage of the drug 5. Route by which the drug is to be administered 6. Frequency of administration of the drug 7. Signature of person writing the order Safety measures while preparing drugs Three checks and the rights of medication administration, maintaining a safe environment, handling controlled substance safely, identifying patient unit dose distribution system a system that provides all or most medications to patients in a unit dose ready to administer form Bar Code Medication Administration (BCMA) An electronic system of administering medication that makes use of specific bar code identifiers for each medication Three Checks of Medication Administration READ LABEL-When the nurse reaches for the container or unit dose package-After retrieval from the drawer and compared with the CMAR, or compared with the CMAR immediately before pouring from a multidose container-Before giving the unit dose medication to the patient or when replacing the multi-dose container in the drawer or shelf Peak The maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administration, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring. Pharmacokinetics THE STUFY OF HOW MEDICATIONS ENTER THE BODY, REAACH THEIR SITE OF ACTION, METABOLIZE, AND EXIT THE BODY. USE KNOWLEDGE WHEN TIMING MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION, SELECTING THE ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION, CONSIDERING THE PATIENTS RISK FOR ALTERATION IN MEDICATION ACTION, AND EVALUATING THE PATIENTS RESPONSE. Polypharmacy HAPPENS WHEN A PATIENT TAKES TWO OR MORE MEDICATIONS TO TREAT THE SAME ILLNESS, TAKES TWO OR MORE MEDICATION FROM THE SAME CHEMICAL CLASS, USES TWO OR MORE MEDICATION WITH THE SAME OR SIMILAR ACTIONS TO TREAT SEVERAL DISORDERS SIMULTANEOUSLY, OR MIXES NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS OR HERBAL PRODUCTS WITH MEDICATIONS. Prescriptions: INCLUDES MORE DETAILED INFORMATION THANA REGULAR ORDER BECAUSE THE PATIENT NEEDS TO UNDERSTAND HOW TO TAKE THE MEDICATION AND WHEN TO REFILL IN NECESSARY. Pressurized Metered dose Inhalers DELIEVER MEDICATIONS THAT PRODUCE LOCAL EFFECTS SUCH AS BRONCHODILATION. Side Effects ARE PREDICTABLE AND OFTEN UNAVOIDABLE SECONDARY EFFECTS PRODUCED AT A USUAL THERAPEUTIC DOSE. THEY ARE EITHER HARMLESS OR CAUSE INJURY Solution IS A GIVEN MASS OF SOLID SUBSTANCE DISSOLVED IN A KNOWN VOLUME OF FLUID OR A A GIVEN VOLUME OR LIQUID DISSOLVED IN A KNOWN VOLUME OF ANOTHER FLUID. Subcutanous INJECTION INTO THE DERMIS JUST UNDER THE EPIDERMIS Sublingual ROUTE OF MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION IN WHICH THE MEDICATION IS PLACED UNDERNEATH THE PATIENTS TONGUE. Idiosyncratic Effect "Paradoxical effect". Is unusual or peculiar responses to a drug that results from an overresponse, underresponse, or could also be the opposite of the expected response. They are related to a patient's individually unique response to a drug and can be a result from a genetic enzyme deficiency leading to an abnormal breakdown of a drugs. Drug Interactions Occur when one drug a patient is taking interacts with another drug in the patient's system, a food, or a substance that the patient takes at the same time as the drug and can be beneficial or dangerous to a patient. Antagonist Effect occurs in a drug-drug interaction in which the effects of two or more drugs together produce an effect that is less than that of each drug alone. Counteracts Synergistic Effect WHEN TWO MEDICATIONS COMBINED EFFECT IS GREATER THAN THE EFFECT OF THE MEDICATIONS WHEN GIVEN SEPARATELY Toxic Effect DEVELOP AFTER PROLONGED INTAKE OF A MEDICATION OR WHEN A MEDICATION ACCUMULATES IN THE BLOOD BECAUSE OF IMPAIRED METABOLISM OR EXCRETION. Transdermal Disk PATCH; HAS SYSTEMIC EFFECTS. SECURES THE MEDICATED OINTMENT TO THE SKIN. Z Track Method TECHNIQUE FOR INJECTING IRRITATING PREPARATIONS INTO MUSCLE WITHOUT TRACKING RESIDUAL MEDICATION THROUGH SENSITIVE TISSUES. Tell whether the following statement is true or false. Only pain medications may be give to patients without a medication order from a licensed practitioner. A. True B. False False In which of the following medication supply systems are large quantities of medications kept on the nursing unit making them immediately available to the nurse? A. Individual supply B. Stock supply C. Unit dose system D. Bar-coded medication cart Answer: B. Stock supply Which type of drug preparation is a medication in a clear liquid containing water, alcohol, sweeteners, and flavor? A. Elixir B. Suspension C. Solution D. Syrup A Pharmacokinetics (Effect of Body on Drug) • Absorption • Distribution • Metabolism • Excretion Medical Record Documentation - Name of the medication - Dosage - Route and time of administration - Name of person administering medication - Site used for an injection - Intentional or inadvertently omitted drugs - Refused drugs - Medication errors Patient Teaching - Review techniques of medication administration. - Remind the patient to take the medication as prescribed for as long as prescribed. - Instruct the patient not to alter dosages without consulting a physician. - Caution the patient not to share medications. Main organ of excretion ? kidney and liver Why nurses need to know CAT Patients, families, physicians, and institutions increasingly expect practicing nurses to be knowledgeable about CAT. Many patients use these types of therapies as outpatients and want to continue their use as inpatients. Many nurses are expanding their clinical practice by incorporating CAT. Nurses play an important role in educating the public to use these therapies safely and effectively. Many institutions now provide complementary therapies to inpatients as part of total patient care. True or false: Allopathic medical care has been totally effective in dealing with chronic illnesses. A. True B. False b Types of CAT systems and Therapies Ayurveda Yoga Traditional Chinese medicine Acupuncture Qi gong Shamanism Homeopathy Naturopathy Chiropractic CAT categories (domains) Whole medical systems Mind-body therapies Energy medicine Biologically based practices Manipulative and body-based practices True or false: According to the NCCAM, when prayer is included in the definition of CAT, the domain of mind-body medicine is the most commonly used domain (53%). A. True B. False A Mind-body modalities Relaxation Meditation Guided imagery Prayer Aromatherapy Patients choose to use unconventional therapy because: 1. They are willing to pay more to feel better. 2. They are dissatisfied with conventional medicine. 3. They want religious approval for the remedies they use. 4. It is now widely accepted by the Food and Drug Administration. 2. The perception that the treatments offered by the medical profession do not provide relief for a variety of common illnesses The Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act states that: 1. The Food and Drug Administration must evaluate all herbal therapies. 2. Herbs, vitamins, and minerals may be sold with their therapeutic advantages listed on the label. 3. Herbs, vitamins, and minerals may be sold as long as no therapeutic claims are made on the label. 4. In conjunction with the Food and Drug Administration, all supplements are considered safe for use. They have not received approval for us as drugs and are not regulated by the FDA; therefore, they can be sold as food or food supplements only. Which of the following steps should nurses take to be better informed about alternative therapies? 1. Review herb manufacturers' literature on specific herbs. 2. Read current books and magazines on alternative therapies. 3. Familiarize themselves with general principles of physiotherapy. 4. Familiarize themselves with recent case studies on alternative therapies. 2. It is important for the nurse to know the current research being done in this area to provide accurate information not only to patients but also to other health care professionals. Explain the following biologically based therapies: Herbal medicines Plant-based therapies used in whole systems of medicine or as individual preparations by allopathic providers and consumers for specific symptoms or issues Explain the following biologically based therapies: Macrobiotic diet Predominantly a vegan diet (no animal products except fish); initially used in the management of a variety of cancers; emphasis placed on whole cereal grains, vegetables, and unprocessed foods Explain the following biologically based therapies: Mycotherapies Fungi-based (mushroom) products Explain the following biologically based therapies: Orthomolecular Increased intake of nutrients such as vitamin C and beta-carotene; treats cancer, schizophrenia, autism, and certain chronic diseases such as hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease Explain the following biologically based therapies: Probiotics Live microorganisms (in most cases, bacteria) that are similar to beneficial microorganisms found in the human gastrointestinal system; also called good bacteria Explain the following biologically based therapies: "The Zone" Dietary program that requires eating protein, carbohydrate, and fat in a 30:40:30 ratio: 30% of calories from protein, 40% from carbohydrate, and 30% from fat; used to balance insulin and other hormones for optimal health Explain the following biofield energy therapies. Magnet therapy Bioelectromagnetic therapy; devices (magnets) applied to the body surface, producing a measurable magnetic field; used primarily to alleviate pain associated with musculoskeletal injuries or disorders Explain the following biofield energy therapies. Reiki therapy Biofield therapy derived from ancient Buddhist rituals; practitioner places hands on or above a body area and transfers "universal life energy," providing strength, harmony, and balance to treat a patient's health disturbances Explain the following manipulative and body-based methods. Acupressure Applying digital pressure in a specified way on designated points on the body to relieve pain, produce analgesia, or regulate a body function Explain the following mind-body interventions. Biofeedback Process providing a person with visual or auditory information about autonomic physiological functions of the body such as muscle tension, skin temperature, and brain wave activity through the use of What is Complementary health approaches? Interventions that can be used with conventional medical interventions. - They complement conventional medical invertenions Integrative Health Combination of complementary health and conventional health approaches in a coordinated way What is Holism? Theory that focuses on connections and interactions between parts of the whole. - Body is a unified dynamic whole Who is Hans Selye? Researcher that helped proved mind and body are connected Relaxation restores balance between paraysmtpathic and sympathetic nervous sytsems Meditation Focus attention and become mindfu Guided Imagery Evoking pleasant images to replace negative or stressful feelings; promotes relaxation Yoga Combination of physical movements, breathing practices, and relaxation practices Qi Gong a Chinese system of movement, breathing techniques, and meditation designed to improve and enhance the flow of qi Tai Chi a Chinese system of slow meditative physical exercise designed for relaxation and balance and health Acupunture the Chinese practice of inserting fine needles through the skin at specific points to cure disease or relieve pain chiropractic medicine system of therapy based on the theory that disease is caused by pressure on nerves Aromatherapy The therapeutic use of plant aromas and essential oils for beauty and health treatment purposes. Therapeutic Touch an alternative therapy that involves using one's hands to consciously direct an energy exchange from the practitioner to the patient to facilitate healing or pain relief Healing touch use of a collection of energy techniques to assess and treat the human energy system Sound healing Vibrations on particular frequencies promote healing & well being. Ayurveda a system of traditional medicine, understood as a teaching transmitted from the sages Traditional Chinese Medicine a system of ancient Chinese medicinal treatments including acupuncture, diet, herbal therapy, meditation, physical exercise, and massage to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease Shamanism The practice of identifying special individuals (shamans) who will interact with spirits fo