NSG 3103 Final Exam
A framework or set of ideas that offers insights into nursing practice, research, and
What is a nursing theory?
policy by guiding the understanding of facts and events.
No, they cannot be proven; instead, they provide insights and ways of
Can nursing theories be proven?
understanding nursing phenomena.
What is the main contribution of nursing It offers direction for research, practice, education, and policy-making in nursing.
theory to practice?
The core concepts that form the foundation of nursing: Person, Environment,
Define 'metaparadigm' in nursing.
Health, and Nursing.
List the 4 nursing metaparadigms. Person, Environment, Health, Nursing.
What does the 'Person' metaparadigm refer The individual receiving care, considered within their cultural, social, and
to? environmental context.
What does the 'Environment' metaparadigm The physical, social, and cultural context in which the person lives.
refer to?
What does the 'Health' metaparadigm A holistic state beyond absence of disease, shaped by cultural and social context.
refer to? Unity of mind, body and soul
What does the 'Nursing' metaparadigm The science, art, and practice discipline of providing culturally informed care to
refer to? improve health outcomes.
-Care of the well
-Care of the sick
What are goals of nursing?
-Assist with self-care
-Help individuals attain their human potential
What was the focus of nursing theory in the Environmental influences on health.
19th century?
What was the focus of nursing theory in the Functional roles of nurses based on patient problems and needs.
1950s?
, What changed in nursing theory during the A shift toward the nurse-patient relationship and nursing as a process.
1960s?
What defined nursing theory development The influx of middle-range theories.
in the 1970s?
What was the focus of the 1980s in nursing Modernization of existing theories based on research findings.
theory?
What emphasis emerged in nursing theory Research and internationalization of the nursing theory movement.
during the 1990s?
What characterised nursing theory in the Emphasis on diversity and evidence-based practice.
2000s?
Specific to academia: Profession or Discipline
Discipline?
Has a code of ethics: Profession or Profession
Discipline?
Formal training with institutions of Profession
higher education: Profession or
Discipline?
What is ontology in nursing? The study of being; asks 'what does it mean to be'.
Considering what it means to be a "caring nurse" or exploring the lived experience
What is an example of ontology in nursing?
of being a terminally ill patient.
What is epistemology in nursing? The study of knowledge; asks 'what does it mean to know'.
What is an example of epistemology in Evaluating how nurses know what interventions are effective—e.g., through clinical
nursing? guidelines, intuition, or patient feedback.
What is methodology in nursing science? The means of acquiring knowledge; asks 'how can knowledge be created'.
What is an example of methodology in Using qualitative interviews to explore patient experiences or conducting a clinical
nursing? trial to test a new intervention.
What does empirical knowing refer to? Scientific knowledge gained from observation, testing, and evidence-based practice.
What is an example of empirical knowing in Using evidence-based guidelines to administer the correct dosage of medication
nursing? after reviewing recent clinical research.
What does ethical knowing refer to? The moral component of nursing, involving value-based decision-making.
What is an example of ethical knowing in Navigating end-of-life decisions by considering both the patient's wishes and
nursing? professional ethical codes.
Understanding oneself to authentically engage with others; reflective and relational
What does personal knowing involve?
knowledge.
What is an example of personal knowing in Reflecting on your emotions after a difficult patient interaction and discussing it with
nursing? a mentor to understand your response.
What does aesthetic knowing involve? The art of nursing expressed through intuition, empathy, and creative care gestures.
What is an example of aesthetic knowing in Comforting a scared child by kneeling to their level, using a gentle tone and humour
nursing? to build trust and ease anxiety.
Understanding patient care in the context of broader political, economic, and social
What is sociopolitical knowing in nursing?
factors.
What is an example of sociopolitical Advocating for improved healthcare access in marginalised communities based on
knowing in nursing? observed disparities in treatment outcomes.
What is emancipatory knowing in nursing? Critically examining the status quo to identify and address inequities in healthcare.
A framework or set of ideas that offers insights into nursing practice, research, and
What is a nursing theory?
policy by guiding the understanding of facts and events.
No, they cannot be proven; instead, they provide insights and ways of
Can nursing theories be proven?
understanding nursing phenomena.
What is the main contribution of nursing It offers direction for research, practice, education, and policy-making in nursing.
theory to practice?
The core concepts that form the foundation of nursing: Person, Environment,
Define 'metaparadigm' in nursing.
Health, and Nursing.
List the 4 nursing metaparadigms. Person, Environment, Health, Nursing.
What does the 'Person' metaparadigm refer The individual receiving care, considered within their cultural, social, and
to? environmental context.
What does the 'Environment' metaparadigm The physical, social, and cultural context in which the person lives.
refer to?
What does the 'Health' metaparadigm A holistic state beyond absence of disease, shaped by cultural and social context.
refer to? Unity of mind, body and soul
What does the 'Nursing' metaparadigm The science, art, and practice discipline of providing culturally informed care to
refer to? improve health outcomes.
-Care of the well
-Care of the sick
What are goals of nursing?
-Assist with self-care
-Help individuals attain their human potential
What was the focus of nursing theory in the Environmental influences on health.
19th century?
What was the focus of nursing theory in the Functional roles of nurses based on patient problems and needs.
1950s?
, What changed in nursing theory during the A shift toward the nurse-patient relationship and nursing as a process.
1960s?
What defined nursing theory development The influx of middle-range theories.
in the 1970s?
What was the focus of the 1980s in nursing Modernization of existing theories based on research findings.
theory?
What emphasis emerged in nursing theory Research and internationalization of the nursing theory movement.
during the 1990s?
What characterised nursing theory in the Emphasis on diversity and evidence-based practice.
2000s?
Specific to academia: Profession or Discipline
Discipline?
Has a code of ethics: Profession or Profession
Discipline?
Formal training with institutions of Profession
higher education: Profession or
Discipline?
What is ontology in nursing? The study of being; asks 'what does it mean to be'.
Considering what it means to be a "caring nurse" or exploring the lived experience
What is an example of ontology in nursing?
of being a terminally ill patient.
What is epistemology in nursing? The study of knowledge; asks 'what does it mean to know'.
What is an example of epistemology in Evaluating how nurses know what interventions are effective—e.g., through clinical
nursing? guidelines, intuition, or patient feedback.
What is methodology in nursing science? The means of acquiring knowledge; asks 'how can knowledge be created'.
What is an example of methodology in Using qualitative interviews to explore patient experiences or conducting a clinical
nursing? trial to test a new intervention.
What does empirical knowing refer to? Scientific knowledge gained from observation, testing, and evidence-based practice.
What is an example of empirical knowing in Using evidence-based guidelines to administer the correct dosage of medication
nursing? after reviewing recent clinical research.
What does ethical knowing refer to? The moral component of nursing, involving value-based decision-making.
What is an example of ethical knowing in Navigating end-of-life decisions by considering both the patient's wishes and
nursing? professional ethical codes.
Understanding oneself to authentically engage with others; reflective and relational
What does personal knowing involve?
knowledge.
What is an example of personal knowing in Reflecting on your emotions after a difficult patient interaction and discussing it with
nursing? a mentor to understand your response.
What does aesthetic knowing involve? The art of nursing expressed through intuition, empathy, and creative care gestures.
What is an example of aesthetic knowing in Comforting a scared child by kneeling to their level, using a gentle tone and humour
nursing? to build trust and ease anxiety.
Understanding patient care in the context of broader political, economic, and social
What is sociopolitical knowing in nursing?
factors.
What is an example of sociopolitical Advocating for improved healthcare access in marginalised communities based on
knowing in nursing? observed disparities in treatment outcomes.
What is emancipatory knowing in nursing? Critically examining the status quo to identify and address inequities in healthcare.
