PATHO AND PHARM VACABULARY (EXAM 2) | TOP
SCORES MADE SIMPLE | TRUSTED TEST SOLUTIONS!
Aerobic Answer: Bacteria that depends on oxygen for survival
Anaerobic Answer: Bacteria that survive without oxygen. Often found in chronic
infections and GI tract
Pharmacokinetics Answer: How the body interacts with administered substances
Antibiotic Answer: A chemical that either prevents the growth of specific bacteria or
causes the death of specific bacteria. Useful against bacteria not viruses.
Gram-Negative bacteria Answer: Bacteria that does not absorb stain or discolor with
alcohol, usually associated with GU or GI tract infection
Gram-positive bacteria Answer: Bacteria that absorbs stain and discolor, usually
associated with respiratory tract and soft tissue infection
Synergistic Answer: Drugs that work together to increase drug effectiveness
Child antibiotic therapy Answer: - Very sensitive to GI and CNS effects. May have more
severe reactions, so always double-check doses
- Fluoroquinolones are associated with damage to developing cartilage
- Tetracyclines are not indicated for children (affect growing bones and teeth)
Adult antibiotic therapy Answer: Teach about taking the entire course of medicine. Use
in pregnancy only if the benefit outweighs the risk (Counteract oral contraceptives)
Older adult antibiotic therapy Answer: - Teach about taking the entire course of
medicine. May not present with the same signs and symptoms of disease due to age.
Monitor hydration and nutritional status. May be more susceptible to adverse effects.
Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin) Answer: - What is it: Antibiotic gram-negative
- What does it do: Kills bacteria, prevents protein making
- How is it given: IM Injection, not absorbed well with swallowing
- Things to watch for: Nephrotoxicity (kidneys), Ototoxicity (Hearing loss), not for
pregnancy
- Adverse effects: GI issues (Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, stomatitis)
- Interactions: Stronger effect if taken with penicillin or cephalosporins
1
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,- Nursing: Check blood levels, patient education of s/s or adverse effects
- Excretion: Urine
Carbapenems (Ertapenem) Answer: - What is it: Antibiotic gram-negative + positive
- What does it do: Kills a wide range of bacteria by interfering with their cell wall
synthesis. Used for serious infections.
- How is it given: IM injection or IV.
- Things to watch for: Caution during pregnancy
- Adverse effects: GI issues (Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea -C. Diff), headache (dizziness)
- Interactions: Using with ganciclovir can lower levels of valproic acid, causing seizures.
- Nursing: Watch CNS effects, vital signs, and kidney function
- Excretion: Urine
Cephalosporins (Cefaclor- 4 generations) Answer: - What is it: Antibiotic
- What does it do: Interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis. Used for Skin, urinary, and
respiratory infections.
- How is it given: Oral, IM, IV
- Things to watch for: Pregnancy, allergy to penicillins, renal impairment (toxic to
kidneys)
- Adverse effects: Gi (Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), Headache, Rash
- Interactions: Aminoglycosides increase nephrotoxicity. Warfarin could increase
bleeding.
- Nursing: Monitor kidneys and PT/INR
- Excretion: Urine
Fluoroquinolines (Ciprofloxacin) Answer: - What is it: Antibiotic
- What does it do: Kill bacteria by changing their DNA. Used for Urinary, Respiratory,
and Skin infections
- How is it given: Oral
- Things to watch for: Pregnant, Renal issues, Seizure disorder, Minor
- Adverse effects: Tendon problems, nerve damage, heart issues, Liver problems,
headache, GI (Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea- C.Diff)
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, - Interactions: Doesn't work as well with iron, sucralfate, multi vitamins, calcium,
magnesium, antacids, heart medication (amiodarone)
- Nursing: Avoid taking with other meds, monitor kidney/liver function, patient education
- Excretion: Urine, feces
Penicillins (Amoxicillin) Answer: - What is it: Antibiotic
- What does it do: Kills bacteria. Used to treat Strep and Staph infections
- How is it given: Oral, absorbed in the stomach
- Things to watch for: Kidney disease, pregnant
- Adverse effects: GI (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain), mouth sores, furry
tongue, yeast infections
- Interactions: Dont take with aminoglycosides
- Nursing: Finish entire prescription, take on an empty stomach, drink plenty of fluids
- Excretion: Urine
Sulfonamides (Tremethoprim) Answer: - What is it: Antibiotic
- What does it do: Stops bacteria from multiplying. Used for UTI's and Ear infections
How is it given: Oral. Absorbed through stomach
- Things to watch for: Pregnancy, diuretics, or kidney disease
- Adverse effects: GI (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite),
mouth sores, liver damage, Kidney (crystals, blood, high potassium/protein in urine)
- Interactions: Risk of low blood sugar with glyburide or glipizide. High potassium with
ACE inhibitors and potassium-sparing diuretics.
- Nursing: Monitor kidneys
- Excretion: Urine
Tetracyclines (Tetracycline) Answer: - What is it: Antibiotic
- What does it do: Treats infections, absorbed in GI tract
- How is it given: Oral
- Things to watch for: Pregnant, under 8
- Adverse effects: GI (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain), glossitis, dysphagia,
liver issues, teeth/bone damage, superinfection
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
SCORES MADE SIMPLE | TRUSTED TEST SOLUTIONS!
Aerobic Answer: Bacteria that depends on oxygen for survival
Anaerobic Answer: Bacteria that survive without oxygen. Often found in chronic
infections and GI tract
Pharmacokinetics Answer: How the body interacts with administered substances
Antibiotic Answer: A chemical that either prevents the growth of specific bacteria or
causes the death of specific bacteria. Useful against bacteria not viruses.
Gram-Negative bacteria Answer: Bacteria that does not absorb stain or discolor with
alcohol, usually associated with GU or GI tract infection
Gram-positive bacteria Answer: Bacteria that absorbs stain and discolor, usually
associated with respiratory tract and soft tissue infection
Synergistic Answer: Drugs that work together to increase drug effectiveness
Child antibiotic therapy Answer: - Very sensitive to GI and CNS effects. May have more
severe reactions, so always double-check doses
- Fluoroquinolones are associated with damage to developing cartilage
- Tetracyclines are not indicated for children (affect growing bones and teeth)
Adult antibiotic therapy Answer: Teach about taking the entire course of medicine. Use
in pregnancy only if the benefit outweighs the risk (Counteract oral contraceptives)
Older adult antibiotic therapy Answer: - Teach about taking the entire course of
medicine. May not present with the same signs and symptoms of disease due to age.
Monitor hydration and nutritional status. May be more susceptible to adverse effects.
Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin) Answer: - What is it: Antibiotic gram-negative
- What does it do: Kills bacteria, prevents protein making
- How is it given: IM Injection, not absorbed well with swallowing
- Things to watch for: Nephrotoxicity (kidneys), Ototoxicity (Hearing loss), not for
pregnancy
- Adverse effects: GI issues (Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, stomatitis)
- Interactions: Stronger effect if taken with penicillin or cephalosporins
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,- Nursing: Check blood levels, patient education of s/s or adverse effects
- Excretion: Urine
Carbapenems (Ertapenem) Answer: - What is it: Antibiotic gram-negative + positive
- What does it do: Kills a wide range of bacteria by interfering with their cell wall
synthesis. Used for serious infections.
- How is it given: IM injection or IV.
- Things to watch for: Caution during pregnancy
- Adverse effects: GI issues (Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea -C. Diff), headache (dizziness)
- Interactions: Using with ganciclovir can lower levels of valproic acid, causing seizures.
- Nursing: Watch CNS effects, vital signs, and kidney function
- Excretion: Urine
Cephalosporins (Cefaclor- 4 generations) Answer: - What is it: Antibiotic
- What does it do: Interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis. Used for Skin, urinary, and
respiratory infections.
- How is it given: Oral, IM, IV
- Things to watch for: Pregnancy, allergy to penicillins, renal impairment (toxic to
kidneys)
- Adverse effects: Gi (Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), Headache, Rash
- Interactions: Aminoglycosides increase nephrotoxicity. Warfarin could increase
bleeding.
- Nursing: Monitor kidneys and PT/INR
- Excretion: Urine
Fluoroquinolines (Ciprofloxacin) Answer: - What is it: Antibiotic
- What does it do: Kill bacteria by changing their DNA. Used for Urinary, Respiratory,
and Skin infections
- How is it given: Oral
- Things to watch for: Pregnant, Renal issues, Seizure disorder, Minor
- Adverse effects: Tendon problems, nerve damage, heart issues, Liver problems,
headache, GI (Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea- C.Diff)
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, - Interactions: Doesn't work as well with iron, sucralfate, multi vitamins, calcium,
magnesium, antacids, heart medication (amiodarone)
- Nursing: Avoid taking with other meds, monitor kidney/liver function, patient education
- Excretion: Urine, feces
Penicillins (Amoxicillin) Answer: - What is it: Antibiotic
- What does it do: Kills bacteria. Used to treat Strep and Staph infections
- How is it given: Oral, absorbed in the stomach
- Things to watch for: Kidney disease, pregnant
- Adverse effects: GI (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain), mouth sores, furry
tongue, yeast infections
- Interactions: Dont take with aminoglycosides
- Nursing: Finish entire prescription, take on an empty stomach, drink plenty of fluids
- Excretion: Urine
Sulfonamides (Tremethoprim) Answer: - What is it: Antibiotic
- What does it do: Stops bacteria from multiplying. Used for UTI's and Ear infections
How is it given: Oral. Absorbed through stomach
- Things to watch for: Pregnancy, diuretics, or kidney disease
- Adverse effects: GI (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite),
mouth sores, liver damage, Kidney (crystals, blood, high potassium/protein in urine)
- Interactions: Risk of low blood sugar with glyburide or glipizide. High potassium with
ACE inhibitors and potassium-sparing diuretics.
- Nursing: Monitor kidneys
- Excretion: Urine
Tetracyclines (Tetracycline) Answer: - What is it: Antibiotic
- What does it do: Treats infections, absorbed in GI tract
- How is it given: Oral
- Things to watch for: Pregnant, under 8
- Adverse effects: GI (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain), glossitis, dysphagia,
liver issues, teeth/bone damage, superinfection
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
