Advanced Patho 6501 Midterm Exam
Advanced Patho 6501 Midterm Exam
Latest 2025-2026 Walden University
Accurate Spring-Summer 2026 Complete
Questions And Correct Detailed Answers|
GUARANTEED PASS Graded A+
A client's infusion of normal saline infiltrated earlier today, and approximately 500 mL of
saline infused into the subcutaneous tissue. The client is now complaining of excruciating
arm pain and demanding stronger pain medications. What initial action is most important for
the nurse to take?
A. Ask about any past history of drug abuse or addiction.
B. Measure the pulse volume and capillary refill distal to the infiltration.
C. Compress the infiltrated tissue to measure the degree of edema.
D. Evaluate the extent of ecchymosis over the forearm area.
B. Measure the pulse volume and capillary refill distal to the infiltration. (Pain and diminished
pulse volume (B) are signs of compartment syndrome, which can progress to complete loss
of the peripheral pulse in the extremity. Compartment syndrome occurs when external
pressure (usually from a cast) or internal pressure (usually form subcutaneous infused fluid),
A+ TEST BANK 1
, Advanced Patho 6501 Midterm Exam
exceeds capillary perfusion pressure resulting in decreased blood flow to the extremity. (A)
should not be pursued until physical causes of the pain are ruled out. (C) is less of a priority
than determining the effects of the edema on circulation and nerve function. Further
assessment of the client's ecchymosis can be delayed until the signs of edema and
compression that suggest compartment syndrome have been examined (D).)
The nurse assigns a UAP to obtain vital signs from a very anxious client. What instructions
should the nurse give the UAP?
A. Remain calm with the client and record abnormal results in the chart.
B. Notify the medication nurse immediately if the pulse or blood pressure is low.
C. Report the results of the vital signs to the nurse.
D. Reassure the client that the vital signs are normal.
C. Report the results of the vital signs to the nurse.
(Interpretation of the vital signs is the responsibility of the nurse, so the UAP should report
vital sign measurements of to the nurse (C). (A, B, and D) require the UAP to interpret the
vital signs, which is beyond the scope of the UAP's authority.)
Twenty minutes after beginning a heat application, the client states that the heating pad no
longer feels warm enough. What is the best response by the nurse?
A. That means you have derived the maximum benefit, and the heat can be removed.
B. Your blood vessels are becoming dilated and removing the heat from the site.
C. We will increase the temperature 5 degrees when the pad no longer feels warm.
D. The body's receptors adapt over time as they are exposed to heat.
D. "The body's receptors adapt over time as they are exposed to heat."
( (D) describes thermal adaptation, which occurs 20 to 30 minutes after heat application. (A
and B) provide false information. (C) is not based on knowledge of physiology and is unsafe
action that may harm the client.)
When assessing a client with wrist restraints, the nurse observes that the fingers on the
right hand are blue. What action should the nurse implement first?
A. Loosen the right wrist restraint.
B. Apply a pulse oximeter to the right hand.
C. Compare hand color bilaterally.
D. Palpate the right radial pulse.
A. Loosen the right wrist restraint.
(The priority nursing action is to restore circulation by loosening the restraint (A), because
blue fingers (cyanosis) indicates decreased circulation. (C and D) are also important nursing
interventions, but do not have the priority of (A). Pulse oximetry (B) measures saturation of
A+ TEST BANK 2
, Advanced Patho 6501 Midterm Exam
hemoglobin with oxygen and is not indicated in situations where the cyanosis is related to
mechanical compression-- the restraints.)
An elderly client who requires frequent monitoring fell and fractured a hip. Which nurse is at
greatest risk for a malpractice judgement?
A. A nurse who worked the 7 to 3 shift at the hospital and wrote poor nursing notes.
B. The nurse assigned to care for the client who was at lunch at the time of the fall.
C. The nurse who transferred the client to the chair when the fall occurred.
D. The charge nurse who completed rounds 30 minutes before the fall occurred.
C. The nurse who transferred the client to the chair when the fall occurred.
(The four elements of malpractice are: breach of duty owed, failure to adhere to the
recognized standard of care, direct causation of injury, and evidence of actual injury. The hip
fracture is the actual injury and the standard of care was "frequent monitoring." (C) implies
the duty was owed and the injury occurred while the nurse was in charge of the client's care.
There is no evidence of negligence in (A, B, and D). )
The nurse observes an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) taking a client's blood pressure
with a cuff that is too small, but the blood pressure reading obtained is within the client's
usual range. What action is most important for the nurse to implement?
A. Tell the UAP to use a larger cuff at the next scheduled assessment.
B. Reassess the client's blood pressure using a larger cuff.
C. Have the unit educator review this procedure with the UAPs.
D. Teach the UAP the correct technique for assessing blood pressure.
B. Reassess the client's blood pressure using a larger cuff.
(The most important action is to ensure that an accurate BP reading is obtained. The nurse
should reassess the BP with the correct size cuff (B). Reassessment should not be
postponed (A). Though (C and D) are likely indicated, these actions do not have the priority
of (B).)
An elderly client with a fractured left hip is on strict bedrest. Which nursing measure is
essential to the client's nursing care?
A. Massage any reddened areas for at least five minutes.
B. Encourage active range of motion exercises on extremities.
C. Position the client laterally, prone, and dorsally in sequence.
D. Gently lift the client when moving into a desired position.
D. Gently life the client when moving into a desired position.
(To avoid shearing forces when repositioning, the client should be lifted gently across a
surface (D). Reddened areas should NOT be massaged (A) since this may increase the
damage to already traumatized skin. To control pain and muscle spasms, active range of
A+ TEST BANK 3
, Advanced Patho 6501 Midterm Exam
motion (B) may be limited on the affected leg. The position described in (C) is
contraindicated for a client with a fractured left hip.)
The UAPs working on a chronic neuro unit ask the nurse to help them determine the safest
way to transfer an elderly client w/ left-sided weakness from the bed to the chair. What
method describes the correct transfer procedure for this client?
A. Place the chair at a right angle to the bed on the client's left side before moving.
B. Assist the client to a standing position, then place the right hand on the armrest.
C. Have the client place the left foot next to the chair and pivot to the left before sitting.
D. Move the chair parallel to the right side of the bed, and stand the client on the right foot.
D. Move the chair parallel to the right side of the bed, and stand the client on the right foot.
( (D) uses the client's stronger side, the right side, for weight-bearing during the transfer,
and is the safest approach to take. (A, B, and C) are unsafe methods of transfer and include
the use of poor body mechanics by the caregiver.)
An elderly resident of a long-term care facility is no longer able to perform self-care and is
becoming progressively weaker. The resident previously requested that no resuscitative
efforts be performed, and the family requests hospice care. What action should the nurse
implement first?
A. Reaffirm the client's desire for no resuscitative efforts.
B. Transfer the client to a hospice inpatient facility.
C. Prepare the family for the client's impending death.
D. Notify the healthcare provider of the family's request.
D. Notify the HCP of the family's request.
(The nurse should first communicate with HCP (D). Hospice care is provided for clients with
a limited life expectancy which must be identified by the HCP. (A) is not necessary at this
time. Once the HCP provides the transfer to hospice care, the nurse can collaborate with the
hospice staff and HCP to determine (B and C) should be implemented.)
After completing an assessment and determining that a client has a problem, which action
should the nurse perform next?
A. Determine the etiology of the problem.
B. Prioritize nursing care interventions.
C. Plan appropriate interventions.
D. Collaborate with the client to set goals.
A. Determine the etiology of the problem.
(Before planning care, the nurse should determine the etiology, or cause, of the problem
(A), because this will help determine (B, C, and D). )
A+ TEST BANK 4
Advanced Patho 6501 Midterm Exam
Latest 2025-2026 Walden University
Accurate Spring-Summer 2026 Complete
Questions And Correct Detailed Answers|
GUARANTEED PASS Graded A+
A client's infusion of normal saline infiltrated earlier today, and approximately 500 mL of
saline infused into the subcutaneous tissue. The client is now complaining of excruciating
arm pain and demanding stronger pain medications. What initial action is most important for
the nurse to take?
A. Ask about any past history of drug abuse or addiction.
B. Measure the pulse volume and capillary refill distal to the infiltration.
C. Compress the infiltrated tissue to measure the degree of edema.
D. Evaluate the extent of ecchymosis over the forearm area.
B. Measure the pulse volume and capillary refill distal to the infiltration. (Pain and diminished
pulse volume (B) are signs of compartment syndrome, which can progress to complete loss
of the peripheral pulse in the extremity. Compartment syndrome occurs when external
pressure (usually from a cast) or internal pressure (usually form subcutaneous infused fluid),
A+ TEST BANK 1
, Advanced Patho 6501 Midterm Exam
exceeds capillary perfusion pressure resulting in decreased blood flow to the extremity. (A)
should not be pursued until physical causes of the pain are ruled out. (C) is less of a priority
than determining the effects of the edema on circulation and nerve function. Further
assessment of the client's ecchymosis can be delayed until the signs of edema and
compression that suggest compartment syndrome have been examined (D).)
The nurse assigns a UAP to obtain vital signs from a very anxious client. What instructions
should the nurse give the UAP?
A. Remain calm with the client and record abnormal results in the chart.
B. Notify the medication nurse immediately if the pulse or blood pressure is low.
C. Report the results of the vital signs to the nurse.
D. Reassure the client that the vital signs are normal.
C. Report the results of the vital signs to the nurse.
(Interpretation of the vital signs is the responsibility of the nurse, so the UAP should report
vital sign measurements of to the nurse (C). (A, B, and D) require the UAP to interpret the
vital signs, which is beyond the scope of the UAP's authority.)
Twenty minutes after beginning a heat application, the client states that the heating pad no
longer feels warm enough. What is the best response by the nurse?
A. That means you have derived the maximum benefit, and the heat can be removed.
B. Your blood vessels are becoming dilated and removing the heat from the site.
C. We will increase the temperature 5 degrees when the pad no longer feels warm.
D. The body's receptors adapt over time as they are exposed to heat.
D. "The body's receptors adapt over time as they are exposed to heat."
( (D) describes thermal adaptation, which occurs 20 to 30 minutes after heat application. (A
and B) provide false information. (C) is not based on knowledge of physiology and is unsafe
action that may harm the client.)
When assessing a client with wrist restraints, the nurse observes that the fingers on the
right hand are blue. What action should the nurse implement first?
A. Loosen the right wrist restraint.
B. Apply a pulse oximeter to the right hand.
C. Compare hand color bilaterally.
D. Palpate the right radial pulse.
A. Loosen the right wrist restraint.
(The priority nursing action is to restore circulation by loosening the restraint (A), because
blue fingers (cyanosis) indicates decreased circulation. (C and D) are also important nursing
interventions, but do not have the priority of (A). Pulse oximetry (B) measures saturation of
A+ TEST BANK 2
, Advanced Patho 6501 Midterm Exam
hemoglobin with oxygen and is not indicated in situations where the cyanosis is related to
mechanical compression-- the restraints.)
An elderly client who requires frequent monitoring fell and fractured a hip. Which nurse is at
greatest risk for a malpractice judgement?
A. A nurse who worked the 7 to 3 shift at the hospital and wrote poor nursing notes.
B. The nurse assigned to care for the client who was at lunch at the time of the fall.
C. The nurse who transferred the client to the chair when the fall occurred.
D. The charge nurse who completed rounds 30 minutes before the fall occurred.
C. The nurse who transferred the client to the chair when the fall occurred.
(The four elements of malpractice are: breach of duty owed, failure to adhere to the
recognized standard of care, direct causation of injury, and evidence of actual injury. The hip
fracture is the actual injury and the standard of care was "frequent monitoring." (C) implies
the duty was owed and the injury occurred while the nurse was in charge of the client's care.
There is no evidence of negligence in (A, B, and D). )
The nurse observes an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) taking a client's blood pressure
with a cuff that is too small, but the blood pressure reading obtained is within the client's
usual range. What action is most important for the nurse to implement?
A. Tell the UAP to use a larger cuff at the next scheduled assessment.
B. Reassess the client's blood pressure using a larger cuff.
C. Have the unit educator review this procedure with the UAPs.
D. Teach the UAP the correct technique for assessing blood pressure.
B. Reassess the client's blood pressure using a larger cuff.
(The most important action is to ensure that an accurate BP reading is obtained. The nurse
should reassess the BP with the correct size cuff (B). Reassessment should not be
postponed (A). Though (C and D) are likely indicated, these actions do not have the priority
of (B).)
An elderly client with a fractured left hip is on strict bedrest. Which nursing measure is
essential to the client's nursing care?
A. Massage any reddened areas for at least five minutes.
B. Encourage active range of motion exercises on extremities.
C. Position the client laterally, prone, and dorsally in sequence.
D. Gently lift the client when moving into a desired position.
D. Gently life the client when moving into a desired position.
(To avoid shearing forces when repositioning, the client should be lifted gently across a
surface (D). Reddened areas should NOT be massaged (A) since this may increase the
damage to already traumatized skin. To control pain and muscle spasms, active range of
A+ TEST BANK 3
, Advanced Patho 6501 Midterm Exam
motion (B) may be limited on the affected leg. The position described in (C) is
contraindicated for a client with a fractured left hip.)
The UAPs working on a chronic neuro unit ask the nurse to help them determine the safest
way to transfer an elderly client w/ left-sided weakness from the bed to the chair. What
method describes the correct transfer procedure for this client?
A. Place the chair at a right angle to the bed on the client's left side before moving.
B. Assist the client to a standing position, then place the right hand on the armrest.
C. Have the client place the left foot next to the chair and pivot to the left before sitting.
D. Move the chair parallel to the right side of the bed, and stand the client on the right foot.
D. Move the chair parallel to the right side of the bed, and stand the client on the right foot.
( (D) uses the client's stronger side, the right side, for weight-bearing during the transfer,
and is the safest approach to take. (A, B, and C) are unsafe methods of transfer and include
the use of poor body mechanics by the caregiver.)
An elderly resident of a long-term care facility is no longer able to perform self-care and is
becoming progressively weaker. The resident previously requested that no resuscitative
efforts be performed, and the family requests hospice care. What action should the nurse
implement first?
A. Reaffirm the client's desire for no resuscitative efforts.
B. Transfer the client to a hospice inpatient facility.
C. Prepare the family for the client's impending death.
D. Notify the healthcare provider of the family's request.
D. Notify the HCP of the family's request.
(The nurse should first communicate with HCP (D). Hospice care is provided for clients with
a limited life expectancy which must be identified by the HCP. (A) is not necessary at this
time. Once the HCP provides the transfer to hospice care, the nurse can collaborate with the
hospice staff and HCP to determine (B and C) should be implemented.)
After completing an assessment and determining that a client has a problem, which action
should the nurse perform next?
A. Determine the etiology of the problem.
B. Prioritize nursing care interventions.
C. Plan appropriate interventions.
D. Collaborate with the client to set goals.
A. Determine the etiology of the problem.
(Before planning care, the nurse should determine the etiology, or cause, of the problem
(A), because this will help determine (B, C, and D). )
A+ TEST BANK 4
