🧪 Metals and Non-Metals – Quick Notes
🔹 1. Metals
★Good conductors of heat & electricity
★Malleable (can be beaten into sheets)
★Ductile (can be drawn into wires)
★Lustrous (shiny)
👉 Examples: Iron, Copper, Aluminium
🔹 2. Non-Metals
★Poor conductors
★Not malleable or ductile
★Dull appearance
👉 Examples: Oxygen, Sulphur, Carbon
🔹 3. Chemical Properties of Metals
(i) With Oxygen:
👉
Metal + O₂ → Metal oxide (basic)
Mg + O₂ → MgO
(ii) With Water:
👉
Metal + Water → Metal hydroxide + H₂
Na + H₂O → NaOH + H₂
(iii) With Acids:
👉
Metal + Acid → Salt + H₂
Zn + HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂
🔹 4. Reactivity Series
👉 K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au
List of metals in decreasing reactivity
🔹 5. Displacement Reaction
👉 Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu
More reactive metal displaces less reactive one
🔹 6. Corrosion
Slow damage of metals (rusting of iron)
🔹 7. Ionic Compounds
Formed by transfer of electrons
High melting/boiling point
🔹 1. Metals
★Good conductors of heat & electricity
★Malleable (can be beaten into sheets)
★Ductile (can be drawn into wires)
★Lustrous (shiny)
👉 Examples: Iron, Copper, Aluminium
🔹 2. Non-Metals
★Poor conductors
★Not malleable or ductile
★Dull appearance
👉 Examples: Oxygen, Sulphur, Carbon
🔹 3. Chemical Properties of Metals
(i) With Oxygen:
👉
Metal + O₂ → Metal oxide (basic)
Mg + O₂ → MgO
(ii) With Water:
👉
Metal + Water → Metal hydroxide + H₂
Na + H₂O → NaOH + H₂
(iii) With Acids:
👉
Metal + Acid → Salt + H₂
Zn + HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂
🔹 4. Reactivity Series
👉 K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au
List of metals in decreasing reactivity
🔹 5. Displacement Reaction
👉 Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu
More reactive metal displaces less reactive one
🔹 6. Corrosion
Slow damage of metals (rusting of iron)
🔹 7. Ionic Compounds
Formed by transfer of electrons
High melting/boiling point
