🧪 Carbon and Its Compounds – Quick Notes
🔹 1. Carbon
★Valency = 4
★Forms covalent bonds
★Shows catenation (forms long chains)
🔹 2. Covalent Bond
Sharing of electrons between atoms
👉 Example: CH₄
🔹 3. Hydrocarbons
Compounds of carbon and hydrogen
Types:
★Saturated → single bonds (Alkanes)
★Unsaturated → double/triple bonds (Alkenes/Alkynes)
🔹 4. Homologous Series
Group of compounds with:
★Same functional group
👉
★Similar chemical properties
Difference = CH₂
🔹 5. Functional Groups
~Group
~Name
-OH
Alcohol
-COOH
Carboxylic acid
-CHO
Aldehyde
🔹 6. Important Reactions
(i) Combustion:
Carbon + O₂ → CO₂ + Heat
(ii) Oxidation:
Ethanol → Ethanoic acid
🔹 1. Carbon
★Valency = 4
★Forms covalent bonds
★Shows catenation (forms long chains)
🔹 2. Covalent Bond
Sharing of electrons between atoms
👉 Example: CH₄
🔹 3. Hydrocarbons
Compounds of carbon and hydrogen
Types:
★Saturated → single bonds (Alkanes)
★Unsaturated → double/triple bonds (Alkenes/Alkynes)
🔹 4. Homologous Series
Group of compounds with:
★Same functional group
👉
★Similar chemical properties
Difference = CH₂
🔹 5. Functional Groups
~Group
~Name
-OH
Alcohol
-COOH
Carboxylic acid
-CHO
Aldehyde
🔹 6. Important Reactions
(i) Combustion:
Carbon + O₂ → CO₂ + Heat
(ii) Oxidation:
Ethanol → Ethanoic acid
