NRP 531 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Hypoglycemia.
Answer: Neurogenic reactions occur when the decrease in blood glucose
level is rapid and present
with--Tachycardia--Palpitations--Diaphoresis--Tremors--Pallor--Arousal
anxiety
◍ Know what causes a split S2.
Answer: During inspiration the right heart filling time is increased, which
increases right ventricular stroke volume and the duration of right
ventricular ejection compared with the neighboring left ventricle. This
delays the closure of the pulmonic valve, P2, splitting S2 into its two audible
components. Can be heard at the 2nd and 3rd left intercostal spaces close to
the sternum.
◍ Know the signs of prostatitis: acute.
Answer: presents with fever and urinary tract symptoms such as frequency,
urgency, dysuria, incomplete voiding and sometimes low back pain. The
gland feels tender, swollen, "boggy" and warm.
◍ Know what functional syndrome is.
Answer: has been applied to several related syndromes characterized more
by symptoms, suffering, and disability, than by consistently demonstrable
tissue abnormality. Examples include IBS, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue,
TMJ disorder, and multiple chemical sensitivity.Have been shown to
"frequently co-occur and share key symptoms and selected objective
abnormalities." The co-occurrence rates for IBS, fibromyalgia, chronic
fatigue, TMJ disorder, and multiple chemical sensitivity reach 30-90%,
, depending on the disorders compared. The prevalence of symptom overlap
is high, name complaints of fatigue, sleep disturbance, musculoskeletal pain,
HA, and GI problems. Also overlap in rates of functional impairment,
psychiatric comorbidity, and response to cognitive and antidepressant
therapy.
◍ Social Anxiety Disorder.
Answer: Fear and avoidance of social situationsExample: anxious person
may feel very uncomfortable having a conversation or interacting with
others and very conscious of being scrutinized and humiliated or rejected by
others
◍ Know how a bartholin's gland infection presents.
Answer: Acutely, the gland appears as a tense, hot, very tender abscess.
Possible labial swelling. Look for pus emerging from the duct or erythema
around the duct opening. Chronically, a nontender cyst is felt that may be
large or small.
◍ Know what Condylamata Acuminata is.
Answer: Genital warts- single or multiple papules or plaques of variable
shapes; may be round, acuminate (pointed), or thin and slender. May be
raised, flat, or cauliflower like (verrucous). Caused by HPV, usually strains
6 & 11. Incubation usually weeks to months. Infected contact may have had
no visible warts. Occasionally cause itching and pain. May disappear
without treatment. Can arise on penis, scrotum, groin, thighs, or anus (in
males).
◍ Plaque Psoriasis.
Answer: Typical lesion is well-demarcated, thick, silery, erythematous
plaque surrounded by normal skin that can appear anywhere on the body
◍ Erectile dysfunction may be from psychogenic causes, especially if.
Answer: early morning erection is preserved.it may also reflect decreased
testosterone, decreased blood flow in the hypogastric arterial system,
impaired neural innervation, and diabetes
, ◍ Know when to order ABI (ankle-brachial index).
Answer: Order with findings of diminished or absent pulses (present in
peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
◍ When performing a breast exam, know what abnormal masses should do
when the arm.
Answer: may be fixed to skin or underlying tissues (may cause dimpling of
skin or retraction when arms are lifted over head or hands are pressed
against hips)
◍ Tension Headache (Tension Type Headache/TTH).
Answer: Most prevalent type of recurrent headacheNot vascular or
migrainousAverage age of onset is during the second decade of lifeUsually
mild to moderate bilateral headache with sensation of a tight band or
pressure around head
◍ Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes.
Answer: According to American Diabetes Association is: Hemoglobin A1C
greater than or equal to 6.5%
◍ Rosacea.
Answer: Familial tendency, several genes identifiedNeurovascular
dysregulation, infection and factors that trigger altered innate and adaptive
immune response involved (ex: chronic sun exposure/damage, heat,
drinking alcohol or hot beverages, hormonal fluctuations, Demodex
folliculorum/mites colonization, mental stress and anxiety)
◍ Stage IV CKD.
Answer: There is a severe decrease in GFR15-29
◍ breast stage 4.
Answer: projection of areola and nipple to form a secondary mound above
the level of breast
◍ Know the signs of candida vaginitis.
Answer: (YEAST INFECTION) Discharge that is white and curdy, may be
thin but typically thick, not malodorous. Often accompanied by pruritis,
2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Hypoglycemia.
Answer: Neurogenic reactions occur when the decrease in blood glucose
level is rapid and present
with--Tachycardia--Palpitations--Diaphoresis--Tremors--Pallor--Arousal
anxiety
◍ Know what causes a split S2.
Answer: During inspiration the right heart filling time is increased, which
increases right ventricular stroke volume and the duration of right
ventricular ejection compared with the neighboring left ventricle. This
delays the closure of the pulmonic valve, P2, splitting S2 into its two audible
components. Can be heard at the 2nd and 3rd left intercostal spaces close to
the sternum.
◍ Know the signs of prostatitis: acute.
Answer: presents with fever and urinary tract symptoms such as frequency,
urgency, dysuria, incomplete voiding and sometimes low back pain. The
gland feels tender, swollen, "boggy" and warm.
◍ Know what functional syndrome is.
Answer: has been applied to several related syndromes characterized more
by symptoms, suffering, and disability, than by consistently demonstrable
tissue abnormality. Examples include IBS, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue,
TMJ disorder, and multiple chemical sensitivity.Have been shown to
"frequently co-occur and share key symptoms and selected objective
abnormalities." The co-occurrence rates for IBS, fibromyalgia, chronic
fatigue, TMJ disorder, and multiple chemical sensitivity reach 30-90%,
, depending on the disorders compared. The prevalence of symptom overlap
is high, name complaints of fatigue, sleep disturbance, musculoskeletal pain,
HA, and GI problems. Also overlap in rates of functional impairment,
psychiatric comorbidity, and response to cognitive and antidepressant
therapy.
◍ Social Anxiety Disorder.
Answer: Fear and avoidance of social situationsExample: anxious person
may feel very uncomfortable having a conversation or interacting with
others and very conscious of being scrutinized and humiliated or rejected by
others
◍ Know how a bartholin's gland infection presents.
Answer: Acutely, the gland appears as a tense, hot, very tender abscess.
Possible labial swelling. Look for pus emerging from the duct or erythema
around the duct opening. Chronically, a nontender cyst is felt that may be
large or small.
◍ Know what Condylamata Acuminata is.
Answer: Genital warts- single or multiple papules or plaques of variable
shapes; may be round, acuminate (pointed), or thin and slender. May be
raised, flat, or cauliflower like (verrucous). Caused by HPV, usually strains
6 & 11. Incubation usually weeks to months. Infected contact may have had
no visible warts. Occasionally cause itching and pain. May disappear
without treatment. Can arise on penis, scrotum, groin, thighs, or anus (in
males).
◍ Plaque Psoriasis.
Answer: Typical lesion is well-demarcated, thick, silery, erythematous
plaque surrounded by normal skin that can appear anywhere on the body
◍ Erectile dysfunction may be from psychogenic causes, especially if.
Answer: early morning erection is preserved.it may also reflect decreased
testosterone, decreased blood flow in the hypogastric arterial system,
impaired neural innervation, and diabetes
, ◍ Know when to order ABI (ankle-brachial index).
Answer: Order with findings of diminished or absent pulses (present in
peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
◍ When performing a breast exam, know what abnormal masses should do
when the arm.
Answer: may be fixed to skin or underlying tissues (may cause dimpling of
skin or retraction when arms are lifted over head or hands are pressed
against hips)
◍ Tension Headache (Tension Type Headache/TTH).
Answer: Most prevalent type of recurrent headacheNot vascular or
migrainousAverage age of onset is during the second decade of lifeUsually
mild to moderate bilateral headache with sensation of a tight band or
pressure around head
◍ Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes.
Answer: According to American Diabetes Association is: Hemoglobin A1C
greater than or equal to 6.5%
◍ Rosacea.
Answer: Familial tendency, several genes identifiedNeurovascular
dysregulation, infection and factors that trigger altered innate and adaptive
immune response involved (ex: chronic sun exposure/damage, heat,
drinking alcohol or hot beverages, hormonal fluctuations, Demodex
folliculorum/mites colonization, mental stress and anxiety)
◍ Stage IV CKD.
Answer: There is a severe decrease in GFR15-29
◍ breast stage 4.
Answer: projection of areola and nipple to form a secondary mound above
the level of breast
◍ Know the signs of candida vaginitis.
Answer: (YEAST INFECTION) Discharge that is white and curdy, may be
thin but typically thick, not malodorous. Often accompanied by pruritis,
