MBI 111 MIAMI UNIVERSITY EXAM 2
(MIAMI UNIVERSITY) EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2026
Eukaryote - ANS Have a nucleus that is compartmentalized.
Includes plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
Prokaryote - ANS No membrane to hold things together. DNA is free floating.
Includes bacteria, rickettsiae, and cyanobacteria
Common Characteristics between prokaryotes and Eukaryotes - ANS Cell Membrane,
ribosomes, flagella, cell walls, cytoplasm, and cytoskeletons
Spores - ANS Dormant version of fungi. Fungi make spores when unfavorable conditions
arise.
Flagella - ANS Tail like ways of locomotion. Whipping motion
Pili - ANS Used for attachment and colonization. Mainly to combine with other cells and
exchange genetic material. NOT LOCOMOTION
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Capsule - ANS Layer of small proteins and sugars. Used for protection, prevents against
dehydration, invasion, and keeps nutrients inside the cell.
Cell Wall - ANS Used to hold the cell together. Prevent the cell from bursting. Can either be
Gram positive or Gram Negative
Gram Positive Cells - ANS Typically larger (About 25nm)
Gram Negative Cells - ANS Typically smaller (About 3nm)
How do bacterial cells reproduce? - ANS Binary fission.
Asexually.
Cell population doubles every generation.
Growth is limited due to resources.
Lag Phase of bacterial reproduction - ANS No change in cell number, but intense metabolic
activity is going on
Log Phase of bacterial reproduction - ANS Exponential growth
Stationary Phase of bacterial reproduction - ANS Reproduction and death rates reach
equilibrium
Death Phase of bacterial reproduction - ANS Death rates exceed reproduction rates
Psychrophiles (Temp) - ANS Live in -5 to 20 degrees celsius
Mesophiles (Temp) - ANS 12 to 45 degrees celsius.
Normal microbiota, pathogens, and spoilage bacteria
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
(MIAMI UNIVERSITY) EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2026
Eukaryote - ANS Have a nucleus that is compartmentalized.
Includes plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
Prokaryote - ANS No membrane to hold things together. DNA is free floating.
Includes bacteria, rickettsiae, and cyanobacteria
Common Characteristics between prokaryotes and Eukaryotes - ANS Cell Membrane,
ribosomes, flagella, cell walls, cytoplasm, and cytoskeletons
Spores - ANS Dormant version of fungi. Fungi make spores when unfavorable conditions
arise.
Flagella - ANS Tail like ways of locomotion. Whipping motion
Pili - ANS Used for attachment and colonization. Mainly to combine with other cells and
exchange genetic material. NOT LOCOMOTION
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Capsule - ANS Layer of small proteins and sugars. Used for protection, prevents against
dehydration, invasion, and keeps nutrients inside the cell.
Cell Wall - ANS Used to hold the cell together. Prevent the cell from bursting. Can either be
Gram positive or Gram Negative
Gram Positive Cells - ANS Typically larger (About 25nm)
Gram Negative Cells - ANS Typically smaller (About 3nm)
How do bacterial cells reproduce? - ANS Binary fission.
Asexually.
Cell population doubles every generation.
Growth is limited due to resources.
Lag Phase of bacterial reproduction - ANS No change in cell number, but intense metabolic
activity is going on
Log Phase of bacterial reproduction - ANS Exponential growth
Stationary Phase of bacterial reproduction - ANS Reproduction and death rates reach
equilibrium
Death Phase of bacterial reproduction - ANS Death rates exceed reproduction rates
Psychrophiles (Temp) - ANS Live in -5 to 20 degrees celsius
Mesophiles (Temp) - ANS 12 to 45 degrees celsius.
Normal microbiota, pathogens, and spoilage bacteria
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
