NURS 497 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2026
What is the cause of the hyperpigmentation seen in people with Cushing's syndrome?
a. Permissive effects of aldosterone when cortisol levels are altered
b. Abnormal levels of cortisol
c. Hypersensitivity of melanocytes with sun exposure
d. Elevated levels of ACTH - ANS d. Elevated levels of ACTH
Which of the following alterations would the nurse expect to find in a patient with untreated
Cushing's disease or syndrome?
a. Bradycardia
b. Hypertension
c. Hyperkalemia
d. Tachypnea - ANS b. Hypertension
What is the earliest manifestation of diabetes-induced kidney dysfunction?
a. Polyuria
b. Glycosuria
c. Microalbuminuria
d. Decreased glomerular filtration - ANS c. Microalbuminuria
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
,A 65-year-old patient has been taking prednisone to manage symptoms of Crohn's disease for
the past several years. When following up with her gastroenterologist, she was diagnosed with
Cushing syndrome.
Which signs and symptoms would the nurse expect to observe that would support this
diagnosis? select all that apply
a. Elevated serum ACTH level
b. Excess bruising on arms and legs
c. Watery bowel movements
d. Abdominal cramping
e. Hypokalemia
f. Hypoglycemia
g. Muscle weakness in legs and arms
h. Increased facial hair - ANS b. Excess bruising on arms and legs
e. Hypokalemia
g. Muscle weakness in legs and arms
h. Increased facial hair
What is the purpose of the glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c) test?
a. Checking for hyperlipidemia
b. Measuring fasting glucose levels
c. Monitoring long-term serum glucose control
d. Detecting acute complications of diabetes - ANS c. Monitoring long-term serum glucose
control
A patient is admitted to the medical unit for complications of long-term, poorly controlled type
2 DM. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in addition to elevated glucose?
a. Metabolic alkalosis
b. Atherosclerosis
c. Anemia
d. Elevated liver enzymes - ANS b. Atherosclerosis
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Which physical feature supports the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome?
a. Pallor and swollen tongue
b. Weight loss and muscle wasting
c. Truncal obesity and moon face
d. Depigmented skin and eyelid lag - ANS c. Truncal obesity and moon face
What causes the chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications of DM?
a. Hyperglycemia
b. Pancreatic changes
c. Ketone toxicity
d. Hyperinsulinemia - ANS a. Hyperglycemia
A nurse checks laboratory results as both Cushing's disease and Addison's disease can manifest
with elevated levels of:
a. aldosterone.
b. estrogen.
c. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
d. ADH. - ANS c. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
What is the most common cause of Addison's disease?
a. An autoimmune reaction
b. Cancer
c. Viral infection of the pituitary gland
d. Dietary deficiency of sodium and potassium - ANS a. An autoimmune reaction
A client has a history of daily bourbon drinking for the past 6 months. He is brought to an
emergency department by family, who report that his last drink was 1 hour ago. It is now 12
midnight. When should a nurse expect this client to exhibit withdrawal symptoms?
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 3
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2026
What is the cause of the hyperpigmentation seen in people with Cushing's syndrome?
a. Permissive effects of aldosterone when cortisol levels are altered
b. Abnormal levels of cortisol
c. Hypersensitivity of melanocytes with sun exposure
d. Elevated levels of ACTH - ANS d. Elevated levels of ACTH
Which of the following alterations would the nurse expect to find in a patient with untreated
Cushing's disease or syndrome?
a. Bradycardia
b. Hypertension
c. Hyperkalemia
d. Tachypnea - ANS b. Hypertension
What is the earliest manifestation of diabetes-induced kidney dysfunction?
a. Polyuria
b. Glycosuria
c. Microalbuminuria
d. Decreased glomerular filtration - ANS c. Microalbuminuria
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
,A 65-year-old patient has been taking prednisone to manage symptoms of Crohn's disease for
the past several years. When following up with her gastroenterologist, she was diagnosed with
Cushing syndrome.
Which signs and symptoms would the nurse expect to observe that would support this
diagnosis? select all that apply
a. Elevated serum ACTH level
b. Excess bruising on arms and legs
c. Watery bowel movements
d. Abdominal cramping
e. Hypokalemia
f. Hypoglycemia
g. Muscle weakness in legs and arms
h. Increased facial hair - ANS b. Excess bruising on arms and legs
e. Hypokalemia
g. Muscle weakness in legs and arms
h. Increased facial hair
What is the purpose of the glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c) test?
a. Checking for hyperlipidemia
b. Measuring fasting glucose levels
c. Monitoring long-term serum glucose control
d. Detecting acute complications of diabetes - ANS c. Monitoring long-term serum glucose
control
A patient is admitted to the medical unit for complications of long-term, poorly controlled type
2 DM. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in addition to elevated glucose?
a. Metabolic alkalosis
b. Atherosclerosis
c. Anemia
d. Elevated liver enzymes - ANS b. Atherosclerosis
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Which physical feature supports the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome?
a. Pallor and swollen tongue
b. Weight loss and muscle wasting
c. Truncal obesity and moon face
d. Depigmented skin and eyelid lag - ANS c. Truncal obesity and moon face
What causes the chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications of DM?
a. Hyperglycemia
b. Pancreatic changes
c. Ketone toxicity
d. Hyperinsulinemia - ANS a. Hyperglycemia
A nurse checks laboratory results as both Cushing's disease and Addison's disease can manifest
with elevated levels of:
a. aldosterone.
b. estrogen.
c. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
d. ADH. - ANS c. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
What is the most common cause of Addison's disease?
a. An autoimmune reaction
b. Cancer
c. Viral infection of the pituitary gland
d. Dietary deficiency of sodium and potassium - ANS a. An autoimmune reaction
A client has a history of daily bourbon drinking for the past 6 months. He is brought to an
emergency department by family, who report that his last drink was 1 hour ago. It is now 12
midnight. When should a nurse expect this client to exhibit withdrawal symptoms?
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 3
