NR 324 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2026
Causes of respiratory acidosis - ANS Hypoventilation, bradypnea, low RR
Causes of respiratory alkalosis - ANS Hyperventilation, tachypnea, high RR
Causes of metabolic acidosis - ANS Diarrhea
Causes of metabolic alkalosis - ANS Nausea, vomiting
Isotonic Solutions - ANS 1/2 NS
Hyperkalemia - ANS > 5.0 THINK CARDIAC
Cause: Renal compromised, PTH abnormalities
S/S: Arrythmias, palpations, parasthesias (numbness & tingling)
Interventions: EKG, widening QRS, do not feed potassium
Hypokalemia - ANS < 3.5 CARDIAC
Cause: Low excretion by kidneys
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
, S/S: Parasthesias, arrythmias
Interventions: EKG
Hypernatremia - ANS > 145 NEURO
Treat the underlying cause
S/S: Skin flushed, agitation, low grade fever, THIRST
Interventions: Check neuro status, low sodium diet
Hyponatremia - ANS < 135 NEURO
S/S: Lethargy, CONFUSION, irritability, HA, seizure, coma
NEVER GIVE A CARDIAC PT SODIUM NO MATTER WHAT
Hypercalcemia - ANS > 10.2 BONES, CARDIAC, NERVE IMPULSES, BLOOD CLOTTING
S/S: Depressed reflexes
Interventions: Increase fluids, loop diuretics,
Hypocalcemia - ANS < 8.6 BONES, CARDIAC
S/S: Hyperactive reflexes, Chvostek's & Trousseau's
Interventions: Check reflexes, replace Ca
Hypermagnesia - ANS > 2.5
S/S: Lethargy, N/V, drowsiness, depression
Hypomagnesia - ANS < 1.5
S/S: Tremors, confusion, hyperactive DTR, irritability
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2026
Causes of respiratory acidosis - ANS Hypoventilation, bradypnea, low RR
Causes of respiratory alkalosis - ANS Hyperventilation, tachypnea, high RR
Causes of metabolic acidosis - ANS Diarrhea
Causes of metabolic alkalosis - ANS Nausea, vomiting
Isotonic Solutions - ANS 1/2 NS
Hyperkalemia - ANS > 5.0 THINK CARDIAC
Cause: Renal compromised, PTH abnormalities
S/S: Arrythmias, palpations, parasthesias (numbness & tingling)
Interventions: EKG, widening QRS, do not feed potassium
Hypokalemia - ANS < 3.5 CARDIAC
Cause: Low excretion by kidneys
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
, S/S: Parasthesias, arrythmias
Interventions: EKG
Hypernatremia - ANS > 145 NEURO
Treat the underlying cause
S/S: Skin flushed, agitation, low grade fever, THIRST
Interventions: Check neuro status, low sodium diet
Hyponatremia - ANS < 135 NEURO
S/S: Lethargy, CONFUSION, irritability, HA, seizure, coma
NEVER GIVE A CARDIAC PT SODIUM NO MATTER WHAT
Hypercalcemia - ANS > 10.2 BONES, CARDIAC, NERVE IMPULSES, BLOOD CLOTTING
S/S: Depressed reflexes
Interventions: Increase fluids, loop diuretics,
Hypocalcemia - ANS < 8.6 BONES, CARDIAC
S/S: Hyperactive reflexes, Chvostek's & Trousseau's
Interventions: Check reflexes, replace Ca
Hypermagnesia - ANS > 2.5
S/S: Lethargy, N/V, drowsiness, depression
Hypomagnesia - ANS < 1.5
S/S: Tremors, confusion, hyperactive DTR, irritability
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
