ATI PEDIATRICS PROCTORED WITH NGN EXAM VERSION 1,2,3,4 &5 (5 LATEST VERSIONS)
NEWEST WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|
BRAND NEW VERSION!
Question 1
A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant during a well-child visit. Which of the following
developmental milestones should the nurse expect the infant to have achieved?
A) Sitting unsupported
B) Turning from back to stomach
C) Pulling to a standing position
D) Walking while holding onto furniture
E) Using a neat pincer grasp
Correct Answer: B) Turning from back to stomach
Rationale: By 6 months of age, an infant should be able to roll from their back to their
stomach and vice versa. Sitting unsupported (A) usually occurs around 8 months. Pulling
to a stand (C) and cruising (D) occur between 9 and 11 months. A neat pincer grasp (E) is
typically mastered by 11 to 12 months.
Question 2
A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of an 18-month-old toddler regarding appropriate play
activities. Which of the following activities should the nurse recommend?
A) Playing with a large-piece puzzle
B) Playing "house" with other children
C) Playing with a push-pull toy
D) Drawing a circle with a crayon
E) Participating in a team sport
Correct Answer: C) Playing with a push-pull toy
Rationale: Toddlers engage in parallel play and focus on gross motor skills. Push-pull toys
are developmentally appropriate for an 18-month-old as they refine walking skills. Large
puzzles (A) are better for older toddlers or preschoolers. Playing "house" (B) is
associative/cooperative play seen in preschoolers. Drawing a circle (D) is a skill for a 3-
year-old. Team sports (E) are for school-age children.
Question 3
A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who is hospitalized. Which of the following actions by
the nurse addresses the child's developmental stage?
A) Encouraging the child to assist with their own bath
B) Allowing the child to choose which color bandage to use
C) Providing a detailed scientific explanation of the surgery
D) Limiting visits from the child's friends to prevent overstimulation
E) Ensuring the child stays in bed at all times for safety
Correct Answer: B) Allowing the child to choose which color bandage to use
, 2
Rationale: Preschoolers (3–6 years) are in the stage of Initiative vs. Guilt. They benefit from
choices that provide a sense of control and autonomy over their environment. Assisting
with a bath (A) is more appropriate for a school-age child. Scientific explanations (C) are
too complex for magical thinkers; simple, concrete terms should be used. Socialization is
important, and strict bedrest (E) can lead to regression.
Question 4
A nurse is assessing a 10-year-old child. Which of the following findings should the nurse
identify as a manifestation of the "Industry vs. Inferiority" stage?
A) The child expresses pride in their collection of baseball cards.
B) The child becomes upset when their parents leave the room.
C) The child refuses to follow the rules of a board game.
D) The child insists on dressing themselves even if the clothes are mismatched.
E) The child asks "why" regarding every nursing intervention.
Correct Answer: A) The child expresses pride in their collection of baseball cards.
Rationale: School-age children (6–12 years) focus on Industry, which involves mastering
tasks and feeling a sense of accomplishment. Collections and hobbies are classic examples
of this. Separation anxiety (B) is for infants/toddlers. Refusal to follow rules (C) is a toddler
behavior. Dressing oneself (D) is autonomy (toddlers). Constant "why" questions (E) are
typical of preschoolers.
Question 5
A nurse is preparing to administer the MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) vaccine to a 15-month-
old toddler. Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for this vaccine?
A) Recent exposure to a common cold
B) A history of local reaction to a previous DTaP vaccine
C) Currently receiving chemotherapy for leukemia
D) The toddler is teething and irritable
E) The toddler has a family history of asthma
Correct Answer: C) Currently receiving chemotherapy for leukemia
Rationale: The MMR is a live virus vaccine. Live vaccines are contraindicated in children
who are severely immunocompromised (e.g., those receiving chemotherapy, children with
HIV with low CD4 counts, or those on high-dose steroids) because the vaccine virus can
cause an overwhelming infection.
Question 6
A nurse is teaching the parents of a newborn about Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
prevention. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the
teaching?
A) "I will place my baby on their side to sleep."
B) "I will make sure the crib mattress is soft and comfortable."
, 3
C) "I will place my baby on their back when they go to sleep."
D) "I will keep the room very warm to prevent my baby from getting cold."
E) "I will put a bumper pad in the crib to protect the baby’s head."
Correct Answer: C) "I will place my baby on their back when they go to sleep."
Rationale: The "Back to Sleep" campaign is the primary intervention to reduce SIDS.
Infants should sleep in a supine position. Side-lying (A) is not recommended. Soft
mattresses (B), bumper pads (E), and loose bedding increase the risk of suffocation.
Overheating (D) is also a risk factor for SIDS.
Question 7
A nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child with a high fever and suspected bacterial meningitis.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
A) Assist with a lumbar puncture.
B) Administer the first dose of antibiotics.
C) Place the child on droplet precautions.
D) Obtain a blood culture.
E) Measure the child’s head circumference.
Correct Answer: C) Place the child on droplet precautions.
Rationale: Safety and infection control are the priorities. Droplet precautions must be
initiated immediately upon suspicion of bacterial meningitis to prevent the spread of the
pathogen to staff and other patients. Once isolation is established, cultures (D) and then
antibiotics (B) follow.
Question 8
A nurse is assessing an infant with Tetralogy of Fallot who is experiencing a hypercyanotic
("tet") spell. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A) Place the infant in a knee-chest position.
B) Administer 100% oxygen via a non-rebreather mask.
C) Start chest compressions immediately.
D) Administer oral propanolol.
E) Encourage the infant to cry to improve lung expansion.
Correct Answer: A) Place the infant in a knee-chest position.
Rationale: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance, which helps
reduce the right-to-left shunt in the heart, allowing more blood to be forced into the
pulmonary artery for oxygenation. Oxygen (B) is used but the position change is the first
and most effective immediate action.
Question 9
A nurse is caring for a child who has been diagnosed with Nephrotic Syndrome. Which of the
following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?
A) Gross hematuria
, 4
B) Decreased serum lipids
C) Massive proteinuria
D) Elevated serum albumin
E) Low urine specific gravity
Correct Answer: C) Massive proteinuria
Rationale: Nephrotic Syndrome is characterized by increased glomerular permeability,
which leads to massive proteinuria (usually 3+ or 4+), hypoalbuminemia (D is wrong),
hyperlipidemia (B is wrong), and severe edema. Hematuria (A) is more common in
Glomerulonephritis.
Question 10
A nurse is teaching the parent of a child who has Cystic Fibrosis about nutrition. Which of the
following instructions should the nurse include?
A) Restrict fat intake to less than 20% of total calories.
B) Administer pancreatic enzymes with all meals and snacks.
C) Limit salt intake during the summer months.
D) Provide a diet low in protein to reduce kidney strain.
E) Encourage a decrease in total caloric intake.
Correct Answer: B) Administer pancreatic enzymes with all meals and snacks.
Rationale: In CF, thick mucus blocks pancreatic ducts, preventing enzymes from reaching
the duodenum. This leads to malabsorption of fats and proteins. Enzymes must be taken
whenever food is consumed. Patients with CF actually require a high-protein, high-calorie,
and high-fat diet with increased salt intake (C is wrong) to compensate for losses.
Question 11
A nurse is assessing a child with Pyloric Stenosis. Which of the following manifestations should
the nurse expect?
A) Currant jelly-like stools
B) Projectile vomiting after feedings
C) Ribbon-like stools
D) Constant, low-grade fever
E) Severe perianal itching
Correct Answer: B) Projectile vomiting after feedings
Rationale: Pyloric stenosis is an obstruction of the pyloric sphincter. The classic sign is non-
biliary, projectile vomiting shortly after feeding, followed by immediate hunger. Currant
jelly stools (A) indicate intussusception. Ribbon-like stools (C) indicate Hirschsprung
disease.
Question 12
A nurse is caring for an 8-year-old child following a tonsillectomy. Which of the following is an
early sign of postoperative hemorrhage?
NEWEST WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|
BRAND NEW VERSION!
Question 1
A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant during a well-child visit. Which of the following
developmental milestones should the nurse expect the infant to have achieved?
A) Sitting unsupported
B) Turning from back to stomach
C) Pulling to a standing position
D) Walking while holding onto furniture
E) Using a neat pincer grasp
Correct Answer: B) Turning from back to stomach
Rationale: By 6 months of age, an infant should be able to roll from their back to their
stomach and vice versa. Sitting unsupported (A) usually occurs around 8 months. Pulling
to a stand (C) and cruising (D) occur between 9 and 11 months. A neat pincer grasp (E) is
typically mastered by 11 to 12 months.
Question 2
A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of an 18-month-old toddler regarding appropriate play
activities. Which of the following activities should the nurse recommend?
A) Playing with a large-piece puzzle
B) Playing "house" with other children
C) Playing with a push-pull toy
D) Drawing a circle with a crayon
E) Participating in a team sport
Correct Answer: C) Playing with a push-pull toy
Rationale: Toddlers engage in parallel play and focus on gross motor skills. Push-pull toys
are developmentally appropriate for an 18-month-old as they refine walking skills. Large
puzzles (A) are better for older toddlers or preschoolers. Playing "house" (B) is
associative/cooperative play seen in preschoolers. Drawing a circle (D) is a skill for a 3-
year-old. Team sports (E) are for school-age children.
Question 3
A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who is hospitalized. Which of the following actions by
the nurse addresses the child's developmental stage?
A) Encouraging the child to assist with their own bath
B) Allowing the child to choose which color bandage to use
C) Providing a detailed scientific explanation of the surgery
D) Limiting visits from the child's friends to prevent overstimulation
E) Ensuring the child stays in bed at all times for safety
Correct Answer: B) Allowing the child to choose which color bandage to use
, 2
Rationale: Preschoolers (3–6 years) are in the stage of Initiative vs. Guilt. They benefit from
choices that provide a sense of control and autonomy over their environment. Assisting
with a bath (A) is more appropriate for a school-age child. Scientific explanations (C) are
too complex for magical thinkers; simple, concrete terms should be used. Socialization is
important, and strict bedrest (E) can lead to regression.
Question 4
A nurse is assessing a 10-year-old child. Which of the following findings should the nurse
identify as a manifestation of the "Industry vs. Inferiority" stage?
A) The child expresses pride in their collection of baseball cards.
B) The child becomes upset when their parents leave the room.
C) The child refuses to follow the rules of a board game.
D) The child insists on dressing themselves even if the clothes are mismatched.
E) The child asks "why" regarding every nursing intervention.
Correct Answer: A) The child expresses pride in their collection of baseball cards.
Rationale: School-age children (6–12 years) focus on Industry, which involves mastering
tasks and feeling a sense of accomplishment. Collections and hobbies are classic examples
of this. Separation anxiety (B) is for infants/toddlers. Refusal to follow rules (C) is a toddler
behavior. Dressing oneself (D) is autonomy (toddlers). Constant "why" questions (E) are
typical of preschoolers.
Question 5
A nurse is preparing to administer the MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) vaccine to a 15-month-
old toddler. Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for this vaccine?
A) Recent exposure to a common cold
B) A history of local reaction to a previous DTaP vaccine
C) Currently receiving chemotherapy for leukemia
D) The toddler is teething and irritable
E) The toddler has a family history of asthma
Correct Answer: C) Currently receiving chemotherapy for leukemia
Rationale: The MMR is a live virus vaccine. Live vaccines are contraindicated in children
who are severely immunocompromised (e.g., those receiving chemotherapy, children with
HIV with low CD4 counts, or those on high-dose steroids) because the vaccine virus can
cause an overwhelming infection.
Question 6
A nurse is teaching the parents of a newborn about Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
prevention. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the
teaching?
A) "I will place my baby on their side to sleep."
B) "I will make sure the crib mattress is soft and comfortable."
, 3
C) "I will place my baby on their back when they go to sleep."
D) "I will keep the room very warm to prevent my baby from getting cold."
E) "I will put a bumper pad in the crib to protect the baby’s head."
Correct Answer: C) "I will place my baby on their back when they go to sleep."
Rationale: The "Back to Sleep" campaign is the primary intervention to reduce SIDS.
Infants should sleep in a supine position. Side-lying (A) is not recommended. Soft
mattresses (B), bumper pads (E), and loose bedding increase the risk of suffocation.
Overheating (D) is also a risk factor for SIDS.
Question 7
A nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child with a high fever and suspected bacterial meningitis.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
A) Assist with a lumbar puncture.
B) Administer the first dose of antibiotics.
C) Place the child on droplet precautions.
D) Obtain a blood culture.
E) Measure the child’s head circumference.
Correct Answer: C) Place the child on droplet precautions.
Rationale: Safety and infection control are the priorities. Droplet precautions must be
initiated immediately upon suspicion of bacterial meningitis to prevent the spread of the
pathogen to staff and other patients. Once isolation is established, cultures (D) and then
antibiotics (B) follow.
Question 8
A nurse is assessing an infant with Tetralogy of Fallot who is experiencing a hypercyanotic
("tet") spell. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A) Place the infant in a knee-chest position.
B) Administer 100% oxygen via a non-rebreather mask.
C) Start chest compressions immediately.
D) Administer oral propanolol.
E) Encourage the infant to cry to improve lung expansion.
Correct Answer: A) Place the infant in a knee-chest position.
Rationale: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance, which helps
reduce the right-to-left shunt in the heart, allowing more blood to be forced into the
pulmonary artery for oxygenation. Oxygen (B) is used but the position change is the first
and most effective immediate action.
Question 9
A nurse is caring for a child who has been diagnosed with Nephrotic Syndrome. Which of the
following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?
A) Gross hematuria
, 4
B) Decreased serum lipids
C) Massive proteinuria
D) Elevated serum albumin
E) Low urine specific gravity
Correct Answer: C) Massive proteinuria
Rationale: Nephrotic Syndrome is characterized by increased glomerular permeability,
which leads to massive proteinuria (usually 3+ or 4+), hypoalbuminemia (D is wrong),
hyperlipidemia (B is wrong), and severe edema. Hematuria (A) is more common in
Glomerulonephritis.
Question 10
A nurse is teaching the parent of a child who has Cystic Fibrosis about nutrition. Which of the
following instructions should the nurse include?
A) Restrict fat intake to less than 20% of total calories.
B) Administer pancreatic enzymes with all meals and snacks.
C) Limit salt intake during the summer months.
D) Provide a diet low in protein to reduce kidney strain.
E) Encourage a decrease in total caloric intake.
Correct Answer: B) Administer pancreatic enzymes with all meals and snacks.
Rationale: In CF, thick mucus blocks pancreatic ducts, preventing enzymes from reaching
the duodenum. This leads to malabsorption of fats and proteins. Enzymes must be taken
whenever food is consumed. Patients with CF actually require a high-protein, high-calorie,
and high-fat diet with increased salt intake (C is wrong) to compensate for losses.
Question 11
A nurse is assessing a child with Pyloric Stenosis. Which of the following manifestations should
the nurse expect?
A) Currant jelly-like stools
B) Projectile vomiting after feedings
C) Ribbon-like stools
D) Constant, low-grade fever
E) Severe perianal itching
Correct Answer: B) Projectile vomiting after feedings
Rationale: Pyloric stenosis is an obstruction of the pyloric sphincter. The classic sign is non-
biliary, projectile vomiting shortly after feeding, followed by immediate hunger. Currant
jelly stools (A) indicate intussusception. Ribbon-like stools (C) indicate Hirschsprung
disease.
Question 12
A nurse is caring for an 8-year-old child following a tonsillectomy. Which of the following is an
early sign of postoperative hemorrhage?
