ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
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What area in the body may act as a reservoir in which HIV can
be relatively protected from antiviral drugs? - ANSWER -Central
nervous system (including the brain)
HIV may persist in regions where the antiviral drugs are not as
effective, such as the central nervous system (CNS). The bone
marrow, thymus gland, and lungs are not as protected from
antiviral drugs.
What characteristic do atopic individuals have that make them
genetically predisposed to develop allergies? - ANSWER -
Greater quantities of IgE Atopic individuals tend to produce
higher quantities of IgE and to have more crystalline fragment
(Fc) receptors for IgE on their mast cells. Greater quantities of
histamine, more histamine receptors, and a deficiency in
epinephrine do not lead to a genetic predisposition to allergies.
What is the term for the process during which lymphoid stem
cells migrate and change into either immunocompetent T cells
or immunocompetent B cells? - ANSWER -Clonal diversity
,The process is called the generation of clonal diversity and
occurs in specialized (primary)lymphoid organs-the thymus
gland for T cells and the bone marrow for B cells. Clonal
differentiation, selection, and competence do not describe this
process.
What occurs during exocytosis? - ANSWER -Macromolecules
can be secreted
across eukaryotic cell
membranes.
In eukaryotic cells, secretion of macromolecules almost always
occurs by exocytosis. The remaining options do not correctly
describe exocytosis.
Which form of cell communication is used to communicate
within the cell itself and with other cells in direct physical
contact? - ANSWER -Plasma membranebound signaling
molecules
Cells communicate in three main ways; they display plasma
membrane-bound signaling molecules that affect the cell itself
and other cells in direct physical contact with it, they affect
receptor proteins inside the target cell, and they form protein
channels (gap junctions) that directly coordinate the activities
of adjacent cells. Neurotransmitters are released by neurons
and cross the synaptic cleft to communicate with the cells they
innervate. Ligands are involved in binding processes.
Which is the best example of active transport? - ANSWER -
Movement requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy
, Active transport requires a life, biologic activity, and the
expenditure of metabolic energy. Movement due simply to
differences in concentration gradients is called passive
transport. Movement of two molecules in the same direction is
called symport, while moving two molecules in opposite
directions is called antiport.
Which method of transport uses transmembrane proteins with
receptors with a high degree of specificity for the substance
being transported? - ANSWER -
Mediated
Mediated transport(passive and active) involves integral or
transmembrane proteins with receptors having a high degree of
specificity for the substance being transported. Active and
passive transport are opposites with active transport requiring
the use of energy and passive transport relying on osmosis,
hydrostatic pressure, and diffusion and not energy.
Transmembranous means
"across membranes."
Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from
entering cells across the plasma membrane? - ANSWER -Lipid
bilayer
The bilayer's structure accounts for one of the essential
functions of the plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most
water-soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water)
because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily
core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of
water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-soluble