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what makes up the internal structures of the breast?
Fibrous, glandular, and adipose tissues
In performing an assessment of a woman's axillary lymph system, the nurse would assess which
of these nodes?
Central, lateral, pectoral, and subscapular
If a patient reports a recent breast infection, then the nurse would expect to find what type of
node enlargement?
Ipsilateral axillary
A 14-year-old girl is anxious about not having reached menarche. When taking the health
history, the nurse would ask what
The age the girl began to develop breasts
A woman is in the family planning clinic seeking birth control information. She states that her
breasts "change all month long" and that she is worried that this is unusual. What is the best
response by the nurse?
"Because of the changing hormones during the monthly menstrual cycle, cyclic breast changes
are common."
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,A woman has just learned that she is pregnant. What would the nurse teach this patient about
changes in her breasts?
She can expect her areolae to become larger and darker in color.
The nurse is teaching a pregnant woman about breast milk. Which statement by the nurse is
correct?
"You may notice a thick, yellow fluid expressed from your breasts as early as the fourth month
of pregnancy."
A 65-year-old patient remarks that she just cannot believe that her breasts "sag so much." She
states it must be from a lack of exercise. What explanation would the nurse offer her?
After menopause, the glandular and fat tissue atrophies, causing breast size and elasticity to
diminish, resulting in breasts that sag.
Gynecomastia
enlargement of a man's breasts, usually due to hormone imbalance or hormone therapy
The nurse is preparing for a class on breast cancer. Which statement is true with regard to
cultural differences in breast cancer in the United States?
The relative 5-year survival rate for black women is lower than that for Caucasian women.
During a health history interview, a female patient states that she has noticed a few drops of
clear discharge from her right nipple. What would the nurse do next?
Ask the patient some additional questions about the medications she is taking.
During a physical examination, a 45-year-old woman states that she has had a crusty, itchy rash
on her breast for approximately 2 weeks. In trying to find the cause of the rash, which question
would be important for the nurse to ask?
"Where did the rash first appear—on the nipple, the areola, or the surrounding skin?"
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,A patient is newly diagnosed with benign breast disease. The nurse recognizes which statement
about benign breast disease to be true?
It makes it more difficult to examine the breasts.
During an interview, a patient reveals that she is pregnant. She states that she is not sure
whether she will breastfeed her baby and asks for some information about this. Which of these
statements by the nurse is accurate?
"Breastfeeding provides the perfect food and antibodies for your baby."
During an examination of a woman, the nurse notices that her left breast is slightly larger than
her right breast. Which of these statements is true about this finding?
Asymmetry of the breasts is common, but the nurse should verify that this finding is not new.
The nurse is performing a breast examination. Which statement best describes the correct
procedure to use when screening for nipple and skin retraction during a breast examination?
Have the patient slowly lift her arms above her head and note any retraction or lag in
movement.
The nurse is palpating a female patient's breasts during an examination. Which position is most
likely to make significant lumps more distinct during breast palpation?
Supine with the arms raised over her head
A patient states during the interview that she noticed a new lump in the shower a few days ago.
It was on her left breast near her axilla. What should the nurse do first
Palpate the unaffected breast first.
The best time to perform a Breast self exam
is 4 to 7 days after the first day of the menstrual period.
While inspecting a patient's breasts, the nurse finds that the left breast is slightly larger than the
right with the bilateral presence of Montgomery glands. How would the nurse proceed?
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, Consider these findings as normal and proceed with the examination.
During an examination, the nurse notes a supernumerary nipple just under the patient's left
breast. The patient tells the nurse that she always thought it was a mole. Which statement
about this finding is correct?
This variation is normal and not a significant finding.
While examining a 75-year-old woman, the nurse notices that the skin over her right breast is
thickened and the hair follicles are exaggerated. What is this condition called?
Peau d'orange
During a breast examination on a female patient, the nurse notices that the nipple is flat, broad,
and fixed. The patient states it "started doing that a few months ago." What does this finding
suggest?
Dimpling
A 54-year-old man comes to the clinic with a "horrible problem." He tells the nurse that he has
just discovered a lump on his breast and is fearful of cancer. The nurse knows which statement
about breast cancer in men is true?
Less than one percent of all breast cancers occurs in men.
characteristics of a cancerous mass include
Nontender mass, Irregular, poorly delineated border
The nurse is examining a 62-year-old man and notes that he has bilateral gynecomastia. The
nurse should explore his health history for which related conditions?
Liver disease, Hyperthyroidism, History of alcohol abuse
when does lactation begin
1-3 days after delivery
when do you need to start mammograms
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