BIO 110 EXAM 3 PSU EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
And rule - Correct Answers -Multiplication
Or rule - Correct Answers -Addition
Complete dominance - Correct Answers -one allele completely masks the presence of
the recessive allele so only the dominant allele is expressed in heterozygous
Incomplete dominance - Correct Answers -heterozygous have an intermediate
phenotype (dominant red, heterozygous pink, recessive white)
Codominance - Correct Answers -heterozygous have unique phenotype that expresses
both alleles
Type O Blood type - Correct Answers -ii
Epistasis - Correct Answers -has to involve two or more genes but only influences one
aspect of phenotype
Pleiotropy - Correct Answers -single gene but has multiple influences on the phenotype
(albinism, sickle cell amenia etc)
Sickle cell anemia - Correct Answers -recessive disorder, sickle shaped blood cells,
good for people in Africa because it makes it harder to get malaria
Cystic Fibrosis - Correct Answers -recessive disorder that is a mutation in a protein that
is supposed to move Cl from cell- build up of mucus, problematic in lungs
Plenylketonuria - Correct Answers -recessive disorder, can't metabolize phenylalanine
(amino acid), leads to build up in brain, cognitive decline, need certain diet
Huntington's Disease - Correct Answers -dominant disorder (HH or Hh), not diagnosed
in childhood
Male sex - Correct Answers -XY- X larger than Y and Y contains less DNA
Female sex - Correct Answers -XX
Carriers of sex chromosomes - Correct Answers -have recessive allele but don't
express it, only females can be carriers
, Barr body - Correct Answers -second X in females that is an inactive sex chromosome,
due to XIST gene on the X chromosome, occurs early in development
Mosaic phenotype - Correct Answers -heterozygous, cells express only one allele
(example, calico cats, tortoise shell, sweat glands missing in humans)
Linked genes - Correct Answers -genes on the same chromosome and are closer than
50 maps units, do not assort independently unless they are more than 50 map units
apart. Sex linked genes do not assort independently
Wild type allele - Correct Answers -allele that codes for the most common phenotype in
the population, genes named after the first mutant, when gene is given a lower case
letter, the wild type is dominant with a +, when gene is given a upper case letter, the
mutant is dominant
Crossover frequency - Correct Answers -closer, less likely to cross over
Gene distance equation - Correct Answers -# of recombinant offspring (2 smallest
numbers) / total number of offspring (two largest numbers) x 100= distance in map units
Independent assortment ratio - Correct Answers -1:1:1:1, greater than 50 map units
Complete linkage - Correct Answers -2 loci are so close that the alleles never separate
by crossing over, more parental phenotypes present
Fungi - Correct Answers -heterotrophic, predators, decomposers, eukaryotes, cell walls
of chitin, absorptive heterotrophs, reproduce (mainly) asexually and sexually,
multicellular (except for yeast), more than one nucleus in the same compartment
Hyphae - Correct Answers -slender filaments, growth is from tips of hyphae
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
And rule - Correct Answers -Multiplication
Or rule - Correct Answers -Addition
Complete dominance - Correct Answers -one allele completely masks the presence of
the recessive allele so only the dominant allele is expressed in heterozygous
Incomplete dominance - Correct Answers -heterozygous have an intermediate
phenotype (dominant red, heterozygous pink, recessive white)
Codominance - Correct Answers -heterozygous have unique phenotype that expresses
both alleles
Type O Blood type - Correct Answers -ii
Epistasis - Correct Answers -has to involve two or more genes but only influences one
aspect of phenotype
Pleiotropy - Correct Answers -single gene but has multiple influences on the phenotype
(albinism, sickle cell amenia etc)
Sickle cell anemia - Correct Answers -recessive disorder, sickle shaped blood cells,
good for people in Africa because it makes it harder to get malaria
Cystic Fibrosis - Correct Answers -recessive disorder that is a mutation in a protein that
is supposed to move Cl from cell- build up of mucus, problematic in lungs
Plenylketonuria - Correct Answers -recessive disorder, can't metabolize phenylalanine
(amino acid), leads to build up in brain, cognitive decline, need certain diet
Huntington's Disease - Correct Answers -dominant disorder (HH or Hh), not diagnosed
in childhood
Male sex - Correct Answers -XY- X larger than Y and Y contains less DNA
Female sex - Correct Answers -XX
Carriers of sex chromosomes - Correct Answers -have recessive allele but don't
express it, only females can be carriers
, Barr body - Correct Answers -second X in females that is an inactive sex chromosome,
due to XIST gene on the X chromosome, occurs early in development
Mosaic phenotype - Correct Answers -heterozygous, cells express only one allele
(example, calico cats, tortoise shell, sweat glands missing in humans)
Linked genes - Correct Answers -genes on the same chromosome and are closer than
50 maps units, do not assort independently unless they are more than 50 map units
apart. Sex linked genes do not assort independently
Wild type allele - Correct Answers -allele that codes for the most common phenotype in
the population, genes named after the first mutant, when gene is given a lower case
letter, the wild type is dominant with a +, when gene is given a upper case letter, the
mutant is dominant
Crossover frequency - Correct Answers -closer, less likely to cross over
Gene distance equation - Correct Answers -# of recombinant offspring (2 smallest
numbers) / total number of offspring (two largest numbers) x 100= distance in map units
Independent assortment ratio - Correct Answers -1:1:1:1, greater than 50 map units
Complete linkage - Correct Answers -2 loci are so close that the alleles never separate
by crossing over, more parental phenotypes present
Fungi - Correct Answers -heterotrophic, predators, decomposers, eukaryotes, cell walls
of chitin, absorptive heterotrophs, reproduce (mainly) asexually and sexually,
multicellular (except for yeast), more than one nucleus in the same compartment
Hyphae - Correct Answers -slender filaments, growth is from tips of hyphae
