BIO 101 MODULE 1–6 FINAL EXAM | QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS PLUS RATIONALES | EXAM
ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST EXAM
1. Which of the following is a characteristic of all living organisms?
A) Ability to move voluntarily
B) Presence of a cell membrane
C) Capability of photosynthesis
D) Having a nucleus
Answer: B – All living organisms have a cell membrane that separates the internal
environment from the external environment.
2. Which of the following best describes an atom?
A) A group of molecules
B) The smallest unit of matter that retains chemical properties
C) A particle made of only electrons
D) A type of chemical bond
Answer: B – Atoms are the basic units of matter and retain the chemical properties of
elements.
3. Water is essential for life primarily because:
A) It is a nonpolar molecule
B) It acts as a solvent for biochemical reactions
C) It provides energy directly to cells
D) It stores genetic information
Answer: B – Water’s polarity allows it to dissolve many substances, facilitating
biochemical reactions.
4. Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Nucleic acids
D) Lipids
Answer: C – DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that store and transmit genetic information.
5. Enzymes function by:
A) Being consumed during reactions
B) Slowing down chemical reactions
C) Lowering the activation energy of reactions
D) Changing the equilibrium of reactions
Answer: C – Enzymes speed up reactions by reducing the activation energy without being
consumed.
6. Which organelle is the “powerhouse” of the cell?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Golgi apparatus
, Answer: C – Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration, supplying energy
to the cell.
7. Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Energy production
C) Regulation of substances entering and leaving the cell
D) DNA replication
Answer: C – The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of
the cell.
8. The primary structural component of the cell wall in plants is:
A) Chitin
B) Peptidoglycan
C) Cellulose
D) Glycogen
Answer: C – Plant cell walls are mainly composed of cellulose, providing structural
support.
9. Which type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?
A) Ionic bond
B) Covalent bond
C) Hydrogen bond
D) Van der Waals interaction
Answer: B – Covalent bonds involve electrons being shared between atoms to achieve
stability.
10. The process by which cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells is called:
A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Binary fission
D) Budding
Answer: B – Mitosis results in two genetically identical daughter cells for growth and
repair.
11. Which of the following is true about prokaryotic cells?
A) They contain a nucleus
B) They lack membrane-bound organelles
C) They are always multicellular
D) They use mitosis for cell division
Answer: B – Prokaryotes, such as bacteria, do not have a nucleus or other membrane-
bound organelles.
12. Which process converts glucose into ATP in the presence of oxygen?
A) Fermentation
B) Glycolysis
C) Cellular respiration
D) Photosynthesis
Answer: C – Cellular respiration efficiently produces ATP by breaking down glucose
with oxygen.
13. Which stage of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?
A) G1 phase
, B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) M phase
Answer: B – During the S phase, the cell duplicates its DNA in preparation for division.
14. Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins?
A) Endoplasmic reticulum
B) Ribosome
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Lysosome
Answer: C – The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins for transport in the
cell.
15. Which of the following is NOT a lipid?
A) Triglyceride
B) Phospholipid
C) Steroid
D) Glycogen
Answer: D – Glycogen is a carbohydrate, not a lipid.
16. Which process produces gametes with half the chromosome number of the parent cell?
A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis
C) Binary fission
D) Budding
Answer: B – Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, producing gametes.
17. The basic unit of life is:
A) Tissue
B) Organ
C) Cell
D) Organ system
Answer: C – Cells are the fundamental structural and functional units of all living
organisms.
18. Which macromolecule primarily makes up the plasma membrane?
A) Proteins
B) Carbohydrates
C) Lipids
D) Nucleic acids
Answer: C – Phospholipids are the major component of cell membranes, forming a
bilayer.
19. In a chemical reaction, the substance that is changed is called the:
A) Catalyst
B) Product
C) Reactant
D) Enzyme
Answer: C – Reactants are substances that undergo change during a chemical reaction.
20. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down waste materials?
A) Lysosome
B) Peroxisome
, C) Ribosome
D) Golgi apparatus
Answer: A – Lysosomes digest macromolecules, old cell parts, and foreign substances.
21. Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
A) mRNA
B) tRNA
C) rRNA
D) snRNA
Answer: B – Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein
synthesis.
22. Photosynthesis occurs in which organelle?
A) Mitochondrion
B) Chloroplast
C) Nucleus
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B – Chloroplasts capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy in
plants.
23. Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals?
A) Starch
B) Glycogen
C) Cellulose
D) Chitin
Answer: B – Glycogen is stored in animal liver and muscle cells for energy.
24. The energy currency of the cell is:
A) NADH
B) ATP
C) Glucose
D) DNA
Answer: B – ATP stores and provides energy for cellular processes.
25. Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
A) Glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle
C) Electron transport chain
D) Fermentation
Answer: C – The electron transport chain generates the majority of ATP through
oxidative phosphorylation.
26. Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic organism?
A) Amoeba
B) Bacteria
C) Fungi
D) Algae
Answer: B – Bacteria are prokaryotes, lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles.
27. Which macromolecule is composed of amino acids?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS PLUS RATIONALES | EXAM
ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST EXAM
1. Which of the following is a characteristic of all living organisms?
A) Ability to move voluntarily
B) Presence of a cell membrane
C) Capability of photosynthesis
D) Having a nucleus
Answer: B – All living organisms have a cell membrane that separates the internal
environment from the external environment.
2. Which of the following best describes an atom?
A) A group of molecules
B) The smallest unit of matter that retains chemical properties
C) A particle made of only electrons
D) A type of chemical bond
Answer: B – Atoms are the basic units of matter and retain the chemical properties of
elements.
3. Water is essential for life primarily because:
A) It is a nonpolar molecule
B) It acts as a solvent for biochemical reactions
C) It provides energy directly to cells
D) It stores genetic information
Answer: B – Water’s polarity allows it to dissolve many substances, facilitating
biochemical reactions.
4. Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Nucleic acids
D) Lipids
Answer: C – DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that store and transmit genetic information.
5. Enzymes function by:
A) Being consumed during reactions
B) Slowing down chemical reactions
C) Lowering the activation energy of reactions
D) Changing the equilibrium of reactions
Answer: C – Enzymes speed up reactions by reducing the activation energy without being
consumed.
6. Which organelle is the “powerhouse” of the cell?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Golgi apparatus
, Answer: C – Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration, supplying energy
to the cell.
7. Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Energy production
C) Regulation of substances entering and leaving the cell
D) DNA replication
Answer: C – The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of
the cell.
8. The primary structural component of the cell wall in plants is:
A) Chitin
B) Peptidoglycan
C) Cellulose
D) Glycogen
Answer: C – Plant cell walls are mainly composed of cellulose, providing structural
support.
9. Which type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?
A) Ionic bond
B) Covalent bond
C) Hydrogen bond
D) Van der Waals interaction
Answer: B – Covalent bonds involve electrons being shared between atoms to achieve
stability.
10. The process by which cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells is called:
A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Binary fission
D) Budding
Answer: B – Mitosis results in two genetically identical daughter cells for growth and
repair.
11. Which of the following is true about prokaryotic cells?
A) They contain a nucleus
B) They lack membrane-bound organelles
C) They are always multicellular
D) They use mitosis for cell division
Answer: B – Prokaryotes, such as bacteria, do not have a nucleus or other membrane-
bound organelles.
12. Which process converts glucose into ATP in the presence of oxygen?
A) Fermentation
B) Glycolysis
C) Cellular respiration
D) Photosynthesis
Answer: C – Cellular respiration efficiently produces ATP by breaking down glucose
with oxygen.
13. Which stage of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?
A) G1 phase
, B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) M phase
Answer: B – During the S phase, the cell duplicates its DNA in preparation for division.
14. Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins?
A) Endoplasmic reticulum
B) Ribosome
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Lysosome
Answer: C – The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins for transport in the
cell.
15. Which of the following is NOT a lipid?
A) Triglyceride
B) Phospholipid
C) Steroid
D) Glycogen
Answer: D – Glycogen is a carbohydrate, not a lipid.
16. Which process produces gametes with half the chromosome number of the parent cell?
A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis
C) Binary fission
D) Budding
Answer: B – Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, producing gametes.
17. The basic unit of life is:
A) Tissue
B) Organ
C) Cell
D) Organ system
Answer: C – Cells are the fundamental structural and functional units of all living
organisms.
18. Which macromolecule primarily makes up the plasma membrane?
A) Proteins
B) Carbohydrates
C) Lipids
D) Nucleic acids
Answer: C – Phospholipids are the major component of cell membranes, forming a
bilayer.
19. In a chemical reaction, the substance that is changed is called the:
A) Catalyst
B) Product
C) Reactant
D) Enzyme
Answer: C – Reactants are substances that undergo change during a chemical reaction.
20. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down waste materials?
A) Lysosome
B) Peroxisome
, C) Ribosome
D) Golgi apparatus
Answer: A – Lysosomes digest macromolecules, old cell parts, and foreign substances.
21. Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
A) mRNA
B) tRNA
C) rRNA
D) snRNA
Answer: B – Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein
synthesis.
22. Photosynthesis occurs in which organelle?
A) Mitochondrion
B) Chloroplast
C) Nucleus
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B – Chloroplasts capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy in
plants.
23. Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals?
A) Starch
B) Glycogen
C) Cellulose
D) Chitin
Answer: B – Glycogen is stored in animal liver and muscle cells for energy.
24. The energy currency of the cell is:
A) NADH
B) ATP
C) Glucose
D) DNA
Answer: B – ATP stores and provides energy for cellular processes.
25. Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
A) Glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle
C) Electron transport chain
D) Fermentation
Answer: C – The electron transport chain generates the majority of ATP through
oxidative phosphorylation.
26. Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic organism?
A) Amoeba
B) Bacteria
C) Fungi
D) Algae
Answer: B – Bacteria are prokaryotes, lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles.
27. Which macromolecule is composed of amino acids?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
