TEST BANK FOR RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING
AND RELATED ANATOMY 11TH EDITION
2025/2026 | COMPLETE QUESTIONS BANK &
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |
LAMPIGNANO & KENDRICK
TABLE OF CONTENT
• Chapter 1 — Terminology, Positioning, and Imaging Principles
• Chapter 2 — Chest
• Chapter 3 — Abdomen
• Chapter 4 — Upper Limb
• Chapter 5 — Humerus and Shoulder Girdle
• Chapter 6 — Lower Limb
• Chapter 7 — Femur and Pelvic Girdle
• Chapter 8 — Cervical and Thoracic Spine
• Chapter 9 — Lumbar Spine, Sacrum, and Coccyx
• Chapter 10 — Bony Thorax — Sternum and Ribs
• Chapter 11 — Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses
• Chapter 12 — Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System
• Chapter 13 — Lower Gastrointestinal System
• Chapter 14 — Urinary System and Venipuncture
• Chapter 15 — Trauma, Mobile, and Surgical Radiography
• Chapter 16 — Pediatric Radiography
• Chapter 17 — Angiography and Interventional Procedures
• Chapter 18 — Computed Tomography
• Chapter 19 — Special Radiographic Procedures
• Chapter 20 — Diagnostic and Therapeutic Modalities
• Appendix — Image Receptor Sizes and Orientation for Computed Radiography
and Analog Users
,📘 TEST BANK — RADIOGRAPHIC
POSITIONING AND RELATED ANATOMY
11th Edition | Lampignano & Kendrick
CHAPTER 1 — TERMINOLOGY, POSITIONING, AND IMAGING PRINCIPLES
Question 1. Which term describes the position in which the patient is lying face down
on the radiographic table?
A. Supine B. Lateral recumbent C. Prone D. Trendelenburg E. Fowler's position
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Prone RATIONALE: Prone refers to the patient lying
face down (ventral surface down). Supine is face up, lateral recumbent is on the side,
Trendelenburg is supine with feet elevated, and Fowler's is semi-sitting.
Question 2. The term "AP projection" means the central ray travels in which direction?
A. From lateral to medial B. From posterior to anterior C. From anterior to posterior D.
From medial to lateral E. From superior to inferior
CORRECT ANSWER: C. From anterior to posterior RATIONALE: In an AP
(anteroposterior) projection, the central ray enters the anterior (front) surface and exits
the posterior (back) surface of the body.
Question 3. Which anatomical plane divides the body into equal right and left halves?
A. Coronal plane B. Transverse plane C. Oblique plane D. Midsagittal plane E.
Midcoronal plane
CORRECT ANSWER: D. Midsagittal plane RATIONALE: The midsagittal
(median) plane divides the body into equal right and left halves. The coronal plane
divides front and back; the transverse plane divides superior and inferior.
,Question 4. What is the term for movement of a limb away from the midline of the
body?
A. Adduction B. Inversion C. Abduction D. Eversion E. Rotation
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Abduction RATIONALE: Abduction is the movement of
a body part away from the midline. Adduction is movement toward the midline. Inversion
and eversion refer to foot movements.
Question 5. The term "oblique" projection refers to:
A. The central ray entering perpendicular to the part B. The part positioned parallel to
the image receptor C. The part rotated at an angle between AP and lateral D. The
central ray angled superiorly E. The patient in an upright position
CORRECT ANSWER: C. The part rotated at an angle between AP and lateral
RATIONALE: An oblique projection places the body part at an angle (neither fully
AP/PA nor lateral), allowing visualization of structures not seen in standard projections.
Question 6. Which term refers to the side of the body closest to the image receptor in a
lateral projection?
A. Contralateral B. Ipsilateral C. Dependent side D. Non-dependent side E. Proximal
side
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Dependent side RATIONALE: The dependent side is
the side closest to (or resting on) the image receptor or table. This term is commonly
used in lateral and decubitus positions.
Question 7. The image receptor (IR) is defined as:
A. The collimator device on the x-ray tube B. The device that intercepts the x-ray beam
and forms the image C. The grid used to reduce scatter D. The automatic exposure
control sensor E. The part of the tube that generates electrons
CORRECT ANSWER: B. The device that intercepts the x-ray beam and forms
the image RATIONALE: The IR captures the x-ray beam after it passes through the
patient. It may be a cassette with film, a computed radiography plate, or a digital flat-
panel detector.
, Question 8. Which of the following correctly defines "source-to-image receptor
distance" (SID)?
A. Distance from the focal spot to the patient's skin B. Distance from the x-ray tube
housing to the IR C. Distance from the focal spot to the IR D. Distance from the patient
to the IR E. Distance from the collimator to the patient
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Distance from the focal spot to the IR RATIONALE:
SID (also called FFD — focal film distance) is measured from the focal spot within the x-
ray tube to the image receptor. The standard SID for most projections is 40 inches (102
cm).
Question 9. What does the term "central ray" (CR) refer to in radiographic positioning?
A. The brightest part of the x-ray beam B. The center of the collimated x-ray beam
directed at the part C. The beam that exits the patient D. The anode of the x-ray tube E.
The geometric center of the image receptor
CORRECT ANSWER: B. The center of the collimated x-ray beam directed at
the part RATIONALE: The central ray is the theoretical center of the primary x-ray
beam. It is used as the reference for angulation and centering to the body part and IR.
Question 10. A patient is placed in the "left lateral decubitus" position. This means:
A. The patient is lying on their right side B. The patient is lying on their back with the left
side elevated C. The patient is lying on their left side with the beam directed horizontally
D. The patient is upright and leaning to the left E. The patient is prone with left side
down
CORRECT ANSWER: C. The patient is lying on their left side with the beam
directed horizontally RATIONALE: In a decubitus position, the patient is recumbent
(lying down) and named for the side that is down. The beam is horizontal, making this
useful for demonstrating air-fluid levels.
Question 11. Which of the following terms refers to bending a joint to decrease the
angle between bones?
AND RELATED ANATOMY 11TH EDITION
2025/2026 | COMPLETE QUESTIONS BANK &
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |
LAMPIGNANO & KENDRICK
TABLE OF CONTENT
• Chapter 1 — Terminology, Positioning, and Imaging Principles
• Chapter 2 — Chest
• Chapter 3 — Abdomen
• Chapter 4 — Upper Limb
• Chapter 5 — Humerus and Shoulder Girdle
• Chapter 6 — Lower Limb
• Chapter 7 — Femur and Pelvic Girdle
• Chapter 8 — Cervical and Thoracic Spine
• Chapter 9 — Lumbar Spine, Sacrum, and Coccyx
• Chapter 10 — Bony Thorax — Sternum and Ribs
• Chapter 11 — Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses
• Chapter 12 — Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System
• Chapter 13 — Lower Gastrointestinal System
• Chapter 14 — Urinary System and Venipuncture
• Chapter 15 — Trauma, Mobile, and Surgical Radiography
• Chapter 16 — Pediatric Radiography
• Chapter 17 — Angiography and Interventional Procedures
• Chapter 18 — Computed Tomography
• Chapter 19 — Special Radiographic Procedures
• Chapter 20 — Diagnostic and Therapeutic Modalities
• Appendix — Image Receptor Sizes and Orientation for Computed Radiography
and Analog Users
,📘 TEST BANK — RADIOGRAPHIC
POSITIONING AND RELATED ANATOMY
11th Edition | Lampignano & Kendrick
CHAPTER 1 — TERMINOLOGY, POSITIONING, AND IMAGING PRINCIPLES
Question 1. Which term describes the position in which the patient is lying face down
on the radiographic table?
A. Supine B. Lateral recumbent C. Prone D. Trendelenburg E. Fowler's position
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Prone RATIONALE: Prone refers to the patient lying
face down (ventral surface down). Supine is face up, lateral recumbent is on the side,
Trendelenburg is supine with feet elevated, and Fowler's is semi-sitting.
Question 2. The term "AP projection" means the central ray travels in which direction?
A. From lateral to medial B. From posterior to anterior C. From anterior to posterior D.
From medial to lateral E. From superior to inferior
CORRECT ANSWER: C. From anterior to posterior RATIONALE: In an AP
(anteroposterior) projection, the central ray enters the anterior (front) surface and exits
the posterior (back) surface of the body.
Question 3. Which anatomical plane divides the body into equal right and left halves?
A. Coronal plane B. Transverse plane C. Oblique plane D. Midsagittal plane E.
Midcoronal plane
CORRECT ANSWER: D. Midsagittal plane RATIONALE: The midsagittal
(median) plane divides the body into equal right and left halves. The coronal plane
divides front and back; the transverse plane divides superior and inferior.
,Question 4. What is the term for movement of a limb away from the midline of the
body?
A. Adduction B. Inversion C. Abduction D. Eversion E. Rotation
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Abduction RATIONALE: Abduction is the movement of
a body part away from the midline. Adduction is movement toward the midline. Inversion
and eversion refer to foot movements.
Question 5. The term "oblique" projection refers to:
A. The central ray entering perpendicular to the part B. The part positioned parallel to
the image receptor C. The part rotated at an angle between AP and lateral D. The
central ray angled superiorly E. The patient in an upright position
CORRECT ANSWER: C. The part rotated at an angle between AP and lateral
RATIONALE: An oblique projection places the body part at an angle (neither fully
AP/PA nor lateral), allowing visualization of structures not seen in standard projections.
Question 6. Which term refers to the side of the body closest to the image receptor in a
lateral projection?
A. Contralateral B. Ipsilateral C. Dependent side D. Non-dependent side E. Proximal
side
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Dependent side RATIONALE: The dependent side is
the side closest to (or resting on) the image receptor or table. This term is commonly
used in lateral and decubitus positions.
Question 7. The image receptor (IR) is defined as:
A. The collimator device on the x-ray tube B. The device that intercepts the x-ray beam
and forms the image C. The grid used to reduce scatter D. The automatic exposure
control sensor E. The part of the tube that generates electrons
CORRECT ANSWER: B. The device that intercepts the x-ray beam and forms
the image RATIONALE: The IR captures the x-ray beam after it passes through the
patient. It may be a cassette with film, a computed radiography plate, or a digital flat-
panel detector.
, Question 8. Which of the following correctly defines "source-to-image receptor
distance" (SID)?
A. Distance from the focal spot to the patient's skin B. Distance from the x-ray tube
housing to the IR C. Distance from the focal spot to the IR D. Distance from the patient
to the IR E. Distance from the collimator to the patient
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Distance from the focal spot to the IR RATIONALE:
SID (also called FFD — focal film distance) is measured from the focal spot within the x-
ray tube to the image receptor. The standard SID for most projections is 40 inches (102
cm).
Question 9. What does the term "central ray" (CR) refer to in radiographic positioning?
A. The brightest part of the x-ray beam B. The center of the collimated x-ray beam
directed at the part C. The beam that exits the patient D. The anode of the x-ray tube E.
The geometric center of the image receptor
CORRECT ANSWER: B. The center of the collimated x-ray beam directed at
the part RATIONALE: The central ray is the theoretical center of the primary x-ray
beam. It is used as the reference for angulation and centering to the body part and IR.
Question 10. A patient is placed in the "left lateral decubitus" position. This means:
A. The patient is lying on their right side B. The patient is lying on their back with the left
side elevated C. The patient is lying on their left side with the beam directed horizontally
D. The patient is upright and leaning to the left E. The patient is prone with left side
down
CORRECT ANSWER: C. The patient is lying on their left side with the beam
directed horizontally RATIONALE: In a decubitus position, the patient is recumbent
(lying down) and named for the side that is down. The beam is horizontal, making this
useful for demonstrating air-fluid levels.
Question 11. Which of the following terms refers to bending a joint to decrease the
angle between bones?
