CLR 110/ CLR110 Comprehensive Exam | Clarity Data Model Fundamentals | 2026/2027 Academic Year – Questions with Correct Answers and Complete Study Guide - WGU

CLR 110 Comprehensive Exam | Clarity Data Model Fundamentals | 2026/2027 Academic Year – Questions with Correct Answers and Complete Study Guide - WGU 2026 / 2027 Academic Year Q: What is the first step in the report writing process? Analyze request for key features... Answer -Who needs it -What purpose -How much data should it return -How up to date does the data need to be -How does the data need to be formatted Answer 1. Time-sensitive 2. Relatively small Q: The most important decision of the report writing process is... Answer Which reporting tool can best be used to meet the reporting need Q: In general, Operational Reports share the following key characteristics: 3. Easily accessible * Actionable Q: ____ _____ generally put more emphasis on filtering out unnecessary information than they do on showing a comprehensive picture. Answer Operational reports Q: What is the difference between operational and analytical reports? Answer Operational reports are real-time reports needed by end users to do their jobs. Analytical reports are over-time reports that show long-term trends and data. Q: Why should you use Clarity for analytical reporting needs? Answer Clarity reports can be run over very large data sets without slowing down your production server. They also can include complex grouping and mathematics, and can be used to do integrated reporting on Epic and non-Epic data. Q: Why should you not use Clarity for operational reporting needs? Answer Most importantly, Clarity data is not real-time, so any operational reports built from Clarity data will be out-of-date from the moment they're generated. They also cannot be used interactively, such as in a workflow where the report jumps a user to a patient's chart. Q: You have a reporting need, and there is no pre-built application report to meet it. Do you need to use Clarity to meet this need? Answer Not necessarily. Reporting Workbench can be used for many non-standard reporting needs. Q: Would the following report be an operational or analytical report? Answer Create a report that counts the number of logs each surgeon has been documented as performing in during the past year. Display the log ID, the name of the surgeon, and the log's primary procedure. Analytical report Q: The report should display all patient encounters where the patient was less than 18 years old at the time of the encounter. The report should be grouped by the primary visit provider, and then by patient. Visits without a visit provider should be excluded. For each provider, the report should show the provider's name. For each patient, the report should show the patient's name, primary MRN, and sex. For each encounter, the report should show the date of the encounter, the patient's age at the time of the encounter, and the patient's weight at the time of the encounter. Is this report operational or analytical? Answer Analytical. Q: Time frame for this report is unclear Answer If the requester followed up saying that the report would only be run for the last five days, the report could be considered operational. Q: The report should display all patient encounters where the patient was less than 18 years old at the time of the encounter. The report should be grouped by the primary visit provider, and then by patient. Visits without a visit provider should be excluded. For each provider, the report should show the provider's name. For each patient, the report should show the patient's name, primary MRN, and sex. For each encounter, the report should show the date of the encounter, the patient's age at the time of the encounter, and the patient's weight at the time of the encounter. What reporting tool would you use to create this report? Answer Crystal Reports. Q: Operational or Analytical? Surgical procedures conducted over the past year, by physician Answer Analytical Q: Operational or Analytical? Pending departmental transfers Answer Operational Q: Operational or Analytical? Wait times for patients currently in the ED Answer Operational Q: Operational or Analytical? Top 100 Chief Complaints in the ED Answer Analytical Answer Reporting Workbench Q: These reports are integrated into Epic's applications as part of the workflow, and are by far the tools end users are most familiar with. Answer Application Reports Q: ____ _____ is a standardized operational reporting tool that can provide a similar look-and-feel to reports across applications. Q: Almost every Epic application releases standard Reporting Workbench report templates, including _____, _____, and _____ applications Answer 1. Clinical 2. Billing 3. Access Q: True or False It is possible to substantially modify a Reporting Workbench template or even to create a new one from scratch Answer True Q: Because Reporting Workbench is integrated into Hyperspace, it can be acted on just like an ____ _____ Answer Application Report _____ is the programming language on which Chronicles is built Answer Caché Script A custom _____ report has almost limitless flexibility, and in many cases can be optimized for much better speed at a certain task than another tool can provide. Answer Caché Analytical reports generally share the following characteristics: Answer 1. Comprehensive 2. Summarized 3. Standardized Which Analytical report characteristic is described below... Analytical reports are designed to make sense out of large patterns. To discern large patterns, they need access to large amounts of data. An operational report might display ten data points; an analytical report might display ten million. Answer Comprehensive Which Analytical report characteristic is described below... Answer While the analytical report might be based on ten million data points, there are very few people that want a ten million line document. Generally, analytical reports are grouped and summarized. Gleaning a few key numbers out of a vast bulk of data can require much more sophisticated mathematics than are generally required by operational reports. Summarized Which Analytical report characteristic is described below... Answer The readers of analytical reports are often not Epic end users; they're managers and executives who expect their data to be presented in a certain format. In addition, they may want to see non-Epic data, such as payroll information, integrated with Epic data. Standardized When faced with an analytical reporting need, there's generally one tool of choice: Clarity _____ is a tool that extracts data from your Chronicles production system, transforms it into a relational format, and loads it onto a separate reporting server Clarity Consider the example reporting request: Total number of appointments scheduled in each of your clinics over the last year, broken down by clinic and showing the average length of each clinic's appointments You might try to attack this reporting need using the operational reporting tools discussed above, but you'd likely run into two problems: Performance - over a year's worth of data /a significant drain on system resources Flexibility - total number and average length of appointments in each clinic. Operational reports generally do not display summary information. Name the advantages to meeting an analytical need with Clarity Performance If you report on Clarity data rather than production data, running your report will not impact your end users in production. This means you can run reports of arbitrarily large size without any problems (other than slowing down other Clarity reports running at the same time). Flexibility Since Clarity data is in an industry-standard format, you can access it using industry standard tools such as Crystal Reports. These tools generally support a wide range of calculation, formatting and summarization tools. Since your Clarity server runs industry-standard database software (Oracle, MS-SQL Server, or Teradata), you can load data from your Clarity database into a ____ _____ along with your non epic data. data warehouse If your report needs large quantities of data, complex mathematics or summarization, or data integration with other systems, then _____ is your tool Clarity Take the following example of a report that should not be attempted using Clarity: Currently admitted patients requiring a new IV within the next two hours. A user should be able to jump from a patient shown on this report to the patient's chart. If you tried to meet this reporting need with Clarity, you would quickly run into two deal breakers: Real-Time Data Clarity extracts data from production on a daily, weekly, or even less-often basis. Clarity data should always be assumed to be at least 24 hours out of date. Clarity reports are often delivered via email or an external reporting portal. The reports are not going to be as integrated into end-users' workflows as, for example, Application Reports. You may find a reporting need that requires real-time data and large quantities of it. Once you've established that the reporting need really does require real-time data, how should you find a way to meet the need? Use an operational tool by breaking the report down into several smaller reports that can be run at different times. Since Clarity data is not extracted in real-time, the need for real-time data precludes the use of Clarity. Clarity data has historically been distributed by means outside of Hyperspace, such as Email delivery or a third-party reporting portal What are two mechanisms available that allow you to integrate your Clarity reports into Hyperspace: Epic-Crystal Integration Radar. Using ____-____ _____, a Crystal Report based off of Clarity data can be configured to appear in the My Reports activity in Hyperspace right next to the Reporting Workbench reports Epic-Crystal Integration A user can subscribe to a Crystal report by adding it to their favorites. The user ____ ____ _____ _____ _____, but a process regularly scans for which users are subscribed to which reports. cannot run the report on demand A Crystal report will be set to run on a regular basis, and when it does, a version will be generated for each person who is subscribed to the report, according to their _____. parameters Each person who is subscribed to a report have what they need right there in _____. Hyperspace _____ is Epic's information center, a portal that hosts personalizable Home pages to display Epic data, reports, and links to other pages. Radar In the context of reporting you can think of Radar as a front-end for _____ _____. My Reports Radar allows a user to run and view Reporting Workbench reports, along with viewing Clarity reports via Epic-Crystal Integration _____is Epic's integrated production database. Chronicles What is the difference between a record and a contact A record is a single thing. What kind of thing depends on what master file it's in A contact is a single moment in time for that record. What are two examples or a Record in the Chronicles database a record in the patient master file is a patient a record in the provider master file is a provider What is the difference between a multiple response item and a response each time item? A multiple response item can be answered multiple times on one contact, and a response each time item can be answered on multiple contacts True or False: A patient who has been seen twice at your facility should have two records in the Patient master file. False - The patient should only have one record, but that record will likely have two contacts. A user shows you a field in Hyperspace that they want to report on. How can you find where in Chronicles that field files to? Control left-click it. If that doesn't work, try using the Chronicles Record Viewer. Epic's applications all access the same _____ database in real-time Chronicles ______ Files are subsets of the Chronicles database Master ______ are subsets of master files Records ______ are subsets of records Contacts ______ are subsets of contacts Items ______ are subsets of items Lines In Epic, this slice of time is called a ______ contact Paul Gardenia's file is what's called a ______ within the Patient (EPT) master file record The storage system as a whole is called ______ Chronicles Within Chronicles, data is separated into ______ ______, for example "Patient master file", "Provider master file", and "Medication master file" master files On a paper form, we'd be looking for a label Attending Provider somewhere. In Epic, we're looking for what's called an ______ item An ______ is a discrete kind of data that can be collected - "attending provider", or "diagnosis", or "social security number" item Sometimes, items can be broken down one more time, by ______ line An ______ and ______ ______ is the gold standard for identifying a data point. INI and Item Number What tool can you use in a Hyperspace workflow to determine where in Chronicles a certain piece of data lives: Ctrl + Left Click If a field is read-only, the ______ ______ ______ method will often not work. Ctrl+left click Each item has a unique ______ ______ Item Number ______ exist to store data Items Most item numbers can be used for different purposes by different master files. For example, for an EPT (patient) record, item 60 hold the patient's ______ . However, in an ORD record, item 60 holds the order's ______ city class There are two items that have the same meaning in every record, regardless of master file. All Chronicles items are identified by whole numbers, except for these two: Item .1 - Record ID Item .2 - Record Name The most fundamental trait that differentiates one item from another is what kind of ______ it can ______ . DATA it can STORE Any combination of characters is known as which Data Type String Which Data Type can be any number, integer or a decimal? Number In Chronicles the date is actually stored as the number of days since ______ . 12/31/1840 In Chronicles the time is actually stored as the number of seconds since ______ . Midnight A date and a time stored in a single item are known as which Data Type. Instant A pre-defined list of choices is known as which Data Type Category ______ ______ determines how many lines of data an item can hold for a single contact Response Type Only one line of data can be stored per contact applies to which Response Type? Single Response This response type has multiple lines of data that can be stored per contact. These lines might be discrete pieces of data, such as multiple symptoms, or they might be multiple lines of a large block of text, such as an address applies to which Response Type? Multiple Response Multiple lines of data can be stored per contact, and each one of these lines is related to a line in another item. Take a patient's phone numbers is an example of which Response Type? Related Group ______ items store data directly on a record, not a specific contact No-Add If the number on line 1 is deleted, the number on line 2 should not move up to fill the gap, or it would look like was the patient's home number. The line is kept together because these two items have a response type of ______ and have the same ______ ______ related group number An item's______ ______ determines whether a different value for the item can be stored on each contact, or whether values are stored directly to the record add type ______ ______ ______ items store values separately on each of a record's contacts Response each time A patient's date of birth is a ______ item, and you can assume that no matter how many contacts the patient has, his date of birth is the same No-add If a response each time item is blank for a certain contact, it should be considered ______ unknown ______ items store values separately on each contact, but assume that the last value entered remains true until a new value is entered Lookback The system automatically enters a patient's age on each contact, but only if their age is different from the last time the patient was seen is an example of which Add Type? Lookback If a patient's blood pressure is not collected during a certain visit to the doctor, you cannot assume that it has not changed since the last time the patient's blood pressure was taken is an example of which Add Type? Response Each Time Since both, "response each time" and "lookback" items store data on the contact, these add types may collectively be referred to as ______ add types Overtime What end users don't generally know is that none of these names are actually stored in Paul's patient record. Instead, they are looked up as needed using a Chronicles technique called ______ . networking The EPT items for Hospital Account, Department, and Attending Providers are all ______ items - that means that they hold a reference to data from another record someplace else. networked Networked items in Chronicles are similar to the relational database concept of ______ ______ . foreign keys Sometimes the data point in question isn't explicitly displayed anywhere in Chronicles, for example a system-generated ______ Timestamp. A physician needs a report involving patient weights. Weights are entered in Hyperspace in flowsheets, and the Ctrl+left click method does not work on flowsheets. You need to find out where in Chronicles a patient's weight lives. To meet this need, you would start with the ______ ______ Record Viewer Unfortunately, none of the results for a search correspond to Greg's weight. Since looking for the exact value entered did not yield any results, we have to try something else. Since items have names in addition to numbers, we can try searching by a keyword. Enter "______" in the Find field weight In Record Viewer, click the name of the item to open ______ ______ where you can see the item's characteristics. Item Editor Item Editor A ______ of what the item holds. Note that many items may have similar names and descriptions, so this should be the start, not the end of your investigation Description If you prefer working in Epic text, you can also use the text utility ______, which will also allow you to view Chronicles data without some of the visual polish of the Record Viewer d ^EAVIEWID In summary, using the Record Viewer you can find the item you're looking for by following this process: 1. Search for a known value in the Record Viewer using a ______ ______. 2. If step 1 is unsuccessful, search for the item in the ______ ______using a keyword in the Ctrl + F search. 3. In ______ ______, check to make sure the item characteristics match those you would expect for the item. 1. Ctrl + F search 2. Record Viewer 3. Item Editor To view all items in the Record Viewer, not just the ones that are currently storing information, select ______ ______ and then click View Include blanks In certain cases, we store data that is too complex to fit into Chronicles' structure. This data can be stored in what are called ______ , which are custom data structures written directly to disk globals When would you want to use the Clarity Compass? When you want to see custom category values and other organization specific settings When would you would want to use the Data Dictionary? When you do not have access to Hyperspace or wanted to be able to use Control-F to search the table summary The Chronicles database used by Epic's production system is a ______ ______ database, using the tree-like structure described in the last chapter. post-relational To run an analytical report and access the information in the Clarity database, we need to use a third party analytical reporting tool, like ______ ______. Crystal Reports Most ______ reporting is done using relational reporting tools, such as Crystal Reports analytical The Clarity ______ , ______ , and ______ (__ ) process extracts data from your Chronicles database, transforms Chronicles' records, items, and contacts into the tables, rows, and columns of a relational database, and loads it into an Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, or Teradata database on a dedicated reporting server Extract, Transform, and Load (ETL) This defines what Chronicles/production data will be extracted into which Clarity tables and columns. Defines the structure of your Clarity tables, including primary keys Clarity Compass Schedules the extract of defined tables from Chronicles into Clarity Clarity Console The ______ ______, on the other hand, is a critical information source for report writers Clarity Compass The ______ ______ activity can be used to search your column definitions for a column that extracts a certain Chronicles item, and then to jump to that column's Compass entry for more information Column Search Clarity Compass You can also search by ______ ______ instead of by INI and item column name Clarity Compass Generally, you should not search by column name unless you're returning to a column you've already found by ______ and ______ . INI and item Clarity Compass Searching by ______ and ______ ensures the column you find extracts the data you want INI and item Once you're in a column's Clarity Compass entry, the first pieces of information you'll want to look for are these: INI and Item # Clarity Compass You will generally see an empty grid in one of two cases - if the column extracts are ______ -______ data, or if the column extracts ______ data Non-Chronicles Calculated If you see two columns in one table that otherwise appear to be identical, make sure to read the column ______ descriptions The datatypes used by Chronicles are String, Number, Date, Time, Instant, and Category. However, when we transform this data into relational formats, all Strings become ______ , and all Numbers become ______ VARCHARs NUMERICs The datatypes used by Chronicles are String, Number, Date, Time, Instant, and Category. However, when we transform this data into relational formats Dates, Times, and Instants all become ______ DATETIMEs Depending on the column's datatype, there may be a secondary characteristic defined as well. For example, for a VARCHAR, you can define the ______ ______ the column can hold maximum length The table or column will still exist in your Clarity database and all existing data will still be there, no new data will be extracted best describes tables/columns being ______ Deprecated. Do not assume that if ______ says yes, that the column will actually be extracting data. ______ will almost always be set to yes - it's a flag used by ETL administrators that can cause unexpected behavior if used inappropriately. Extracted Extracted In the example below, the "_C" denotes a ______ ______ PATIENT.SEX_C Category List 1.Female 2.Male 3.Unknown You can find out which category list an item points to by opening up the corresponding column in the Compass, and looking at the ______/______ section Format INI / Item You can also find out which ZC_ table to link a _C column to using the Foreign Keys listing in the ______ ______ ______ Compass Table Summary True or False Not all Chronicles items are extracted to Clarity. True Sometimes the item ... -is a piece of internal data that would be incomprehensible to a non-programmer. -changes by the second, and extracting a fixed snapshot of it would be pointless. -Clarity table just hasn't been created yet. The Clarity Compass stores information for ______ ______, ______ ______, and ______ Extracted Tables Derived Tables Views The ______ ______ gives us information about the table itself Table Summary ______ ______ (which usually have names that start with "F_") are populated by scripts on Clarity tables and other data sources available on the Clarity server. Derived tables ______ (which usually have names that start with "V_") don't hold data in themselves, but run queries against other Clarity tables and present the results in a form that can be used as table. Views Certain tables have enough columns to warrant splitting them up into different tables. These are called Grouped Tables The Extracted field in the table summary does not dictate whether or not the table is extracted at your organization. Rather, the field signifies that the tables can be extracted through the normal ______ ______. ETL process The ______ ______ ______, a compiled HTML version of the contents of the Clarity Compass Clarity Data Dictionary Anything that can be found in the Table Summary section of the Compass can generally be found in the ______ ______ ______ as well Clarity Data Dictionary If you want to search for the column that extracts a certain Chronicles INI/item (like you would do in Column Search in Hyperspace), you can do that by entering the INI and item you want to search for ______ ______ ______ in double quotes If you need to use two copies of ORDER_PROC, why shouldn't you give the two copies the aliases ORDER_PROC_1 and ORDER_PROC_2? If you were to use ORDER_PROC_2 as an alias it would be difficult to determine if you are using the ORDER_PROC_2 table or if it is an alias you have assigned to the ORDER_PROC table. True or False. The best way to determine whether an inner join or a left outer join should be used is the starting table's primary key. False. The reporting need, load type and frequency will determine whether two tables should be joined using a left outer join or an inner join. A Clarity table's primary key includes a "CSN". What does this mean? A CSN is a Contact Serial Number, which identifies a specific contact within a specific record. A table with a CSN in its primary key extracts overtime data - if it extracted no-add data, you wouldn't need to identify a contact. A Clarity table's primary key includes a line count, What does this mean? Only Chronicles items with a response type of multiple-response or related group have line counts, so you know the table must extract multiple-response or related group items. ______ ______ ______ can help you identify tables related to a table you already know Database Object Search While a join decides which tables will be used, a ______ ______ tells the report which rows from each table should be considered for use in the report. join type An ______ ______ will return only rows that have matches in both tables inner join A ______ ______ ______can be thought of visually as an inner join, plus all the rows in the left hand table that don't have matches in the right. Left Outer Join A ______ ______ ______ can be thought of visually as an inner join, plus all the rows in the right table that don't have matches in the left. Similarly, it can be thought of as a left outer join where the tables have changed sides. Right Outer Join A ______ ______ ______ will return all rows from both tables with data from each table if available. It will include rows that have matches in either table as well as those that don't. It can be thought of visually as everything. Full Outer Join There are two main ways to extract a Clarity table - using a Full Extract and Incremental Extract. These are called ______ ______ Load Types Which Load Type truncates (deletes) any data already in the Clarity table and re-extracts the entire table from Chronicles Full (FULL) Which Load Type Finds data that has changed in Chronicles since the last time the table was extracted, extracts the changes, and uses them to update the table in Clarity Incremental (REQ) By default, ______ ______ tables will usually have a frequency of "Weekly" and will be extracted weekly, while ______ tables will have a frequency of "incremental" and will be extracted daily. full-extract incremental In Clarity reports, when you give a table an ______ , it should start with the original table name, followed by an underscore, and then something descriptive about what the copy of the table is used for in lower case Alias The ______ ______ of a Clarity table is determined by the table's add type and response type primary key You can use the ______ ______ section of the Clarity Compass to determine the primary key of a table Table Summary In some cases, your report is on entries in the parent table that have a certain number of rows in the child entity. In this case you will want to put your parent table on the ______ . left To avoid confusion use descriptive ______ instead of ______ when assigning aliases words numbers If we were to use two copies of CLARITY_SER in a report, we would have to give an ______ to at least one of the copies alias The ______ ______ of a table will generally tell you what kind of Chronicles data is extracted into a table primary key In Chronicles tables the ______ ______ and ______ ______ of a table will dictate what the primary key of a table will consist of Add Type Response Type Now that we have created a Clarity report, we need to validate that the report does the following: • The report is not including wrong information • The report is not skipping records that it should include • The report is pulling the correct data for the included records and contacts Two of the main methods to Test for Accuracy are ______ ______ and ______ ______ spot checking data seeding ______ ______ is defined as making sure the details in the report match the information populating the report spot checking ______ ______ is defined as completing workflows in Hyperspace and making sure that that data populates the report correctly data seeding Before you are able to ______ ______ data in Chronicles, you need to select what information to look for. When you select records, you should drill down to the lowest level of details and choose a few records at random spot check When ______ ______, go into Hyperspace and check that the information in the report reflects what is in Chronicles data seeding Data seeding should never be performed in your ______ ______ Production environment The ______ ______ is where end users work. It contains live data and is where patient information is stored. Production environment The report should be checked with a realistic amount of realistic data. This ______ ______ should take place as soon as you have enough data in the system to accurately reflect typical usage volume testing You should plan on having at least one ______ test case and at least one ______ test case when seeding data. inclusive exclusive A report that has the record selection statement of "patients admitted on or after 3/1/2011 and before 4/1/2011" has two boundary values. Each ______ ______ should be tested for an inclusive and exclusive test. boundary value A report that has the record selection statement of "patients admitted on or after 3/1/2011 and before 4/1/2011" has two boundary values. This report should have at least ______ boundary test cases four True or False. End users can run Epic-Crystal reports by adding the report to their favorites. False. Adding the report to their favorites subscribes the user to the report. They still need to wait for the batch job to run the report. Reports in ______ ______ are made from templates Reporting Workbench ______ control many things about a report, including what master files the query searches, what criteria are available, and many aspects of the user interface. Templates A report might have a Departments parameter, which could be automatically filled in according to the configuration of the ______ user subscribing True or False. End users can run Epic-Crystal reports by adding the report to their favorites. False. Adding the report to their favorites subscribes the user to the report. They still need to wait for the batch job to run the report. True or False. The Set queue order is disabled for Epic-Crystal templates because the reports will always run on the shadow server. False True or False. The Report frequency will not tell you how often reports made from the Epic Crystal template will run. True You've created a template whose reports should be run on a weekly basis. In the ______ ______ ______ you set the Report frequency to Weekly Epic-Crystal template Users with the right security can set override values in an Epic-Crystal report. These override values perform the same functions as their counterparts in the ______ -______ ______ Epic-Crystal template ______ ______ allow you to preserve multiple versions of the report results on the BOE server Historical instances ______ ______ has the ability to query the Clarity database using an ODBC connection. Crystal Reports An ______ -______ report, the search query is almost entirely determined by the Crystal report (.rpt file), and the template primarily controls the user interface and the parameters Epic-Crystal Each Epic-Crystal report template consists of three separate records in what three master files: Report Template (HGR) Parameter Prompt (HGP) Query Template (HGT) The thre template records, Report Template (HGR), Parameter Prompt (HGP), and Query Template (HGT) are networked together in ______ Chronicles ______ is like putting a flag on a user telling the batch job they need to see the report results next time the batch job runs Subscribing To subscribe to a report, add it to your ______ favorites Only items with a related response type have ______ ______ Related Groups