FINAL EXAM 5 MSN570 CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION TEST 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GUARANTEED TO
PASS
◉ Ligand-gated ion channel. Answer: A receptor and a channel
Ligand: a NT, drug, or hormone that binds to a receptor
Can immediately alter the flow of ions when ligand binds
-Ligands can fall anywhere along the agonist spectrum to alter ion
flow
◉ Ligand. Answer: Ligand: a NT, drug, or hormone that binds to a
receptor
◉ Ligand-gated ion channel subtypes. Answer: Pentameric (5
protein subunits): GABA-A, Nicotinic receptors, Strychnine-sensitive
glycine receptors, 5HT3 receptors
Tetrameric (4 protein subunits): AMPA, Kainate, NMDA
,◉ Voltage-sensitive ion channel. Answer: Opening and closing
altered by ionic charge or voltage potential
Two types: Sodium and Calcium
◉ Sodium-charged ion channel. Answer: Essential for action
potentials
Made of 4 subunits forming a central alpha pore; each subunit is
made of 6 transmembrane segments:
-Segment 4= voltmeter
-Segment 5-6= ionic filter (only allows Na through)
-Between 3rd and 4th subunits= amino acid plug/pore inactivator
Site of action of many anticonvulsants
◉ Presynaptic transporter. Answer: Collects NTs from the synapse
and transports them back into the neuron for packaging and release
Monoamine: SERT, DAT, NET
GABA: GAT
, Glutamate: EAAT
◉ Norepinephrine role. Answer: helps control alertness and arousal,
stress response, cognitive functioning, attention/focus
Linked to fight or flight
◉ Acetylcholine role. Answer: Motivation, memory, cognitive
functioning, sleep
◉ Melatonin role. Answer: Sleep
Released from the pineal gland (increased in darkness)
◉ Serotonin role. Answer: Sleep, mood, sexuality, appetite, pain
◉ Dopamine role. Answer: Reward/pleasure, executive functioning,
wakefulness, learning, motor control
◉ GABA role. Answer: Inhibitory
Sleep, mood regulation
EVALUATION TEST 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GUARANTEED TO
PASS
◉ Ligand-gated ion channel. Answer: A receptor and a channel
Ligand: a NT, drug, or hormone that binds to a receptor
Can immediately alter the flow of ions when ligand binds
-Ligands can fall anywhere along the agonist spectrum to alter ion
flow
◉ Ligand. Answer: Ligand: a NT, drug, or hormone that binds to a
receptor
◉ Ligand-gated ion channel subtypes. Answer: Pentameric (5
protein subunits): GABA-A, Nicotinic receptors, Strychnine-sensitive
glycine receptors, 5HT3 receptors
Tetrameric (4 protein subunits): AMPA, Kainate, NMDA
,◉ Voltage-sensitive ion channel. Answer: Opening and closing
altered by ionic charge or voltage potential
Two types: Sodium and Calcium
◉ Sodium-charged ion channel. Answer: Essential for action
potentials
Made of 4 subunits forming a central alpha pore; each subunit is
made of 6 transmembrane segments:
-Segment 4= voltmeter
-Segment 5-6= ionic filter (only allows Na through)
-Between 3rd and 4th subunits= amino acid plug/pore inactivator
Site of action of many anticonvulsants
◉ Presynaptic transporter. Answer: Collects NTs from the synapse
and transports them back into the neuron for packaging and release
Monoamine: SERT, DAT, NET
GABA: GAT
, Glutamate: EAAT
◉ Norepinephrine role. Answer: helps control alertness and arousal,
stress response, cognitive functioning, attention/focus
Linked to fight or flight
◉ Acetylcholine role. Answer: Motivation, memory, cognitive
functioning, sleep
◉ Melatonin role. Answer: Sleep
Released from the pineal gland (increased in darkness)
◉ Serotonin role. Answer: Sleep, mood, sexuality, appetite, pain
◉ Dopamine role. Answer: Reward/pleasure, executive functioning,
wakefulness, learning, motor control
◉ GABA role. Answer: Inhibitory
Sleep, mood regulation
