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What indicates hepatitis B immune - Answer-Hepatitis
surface antibody
What indicates Hepatitis b is active - Answer-Hepatitis B
surface antigen (lasts 1-10 weeks after infection )
IgM
Liver enzyme that is grossly elevated in hepatitis - Answer-
ALT compared to AST
Liver enzymes that is elevated when liver is damaged due
to alcohol or medications like APAP - Answer-AST
compared to ALT
Viral infections like hepatitis would predominantly have
_______, as compared to bacterial infection predominantly
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would have _____ on labs - Answer-Lymphocytes (viral
infections)
Leukocytes ( bacterial infections)
Which medication produces rapid relief for stomach acid?
- Answer-Calcium carbonate (tums- Antacids) however it
does not relief symptoms as long
H2 blockers- end in dine (rantadine, famotidine). Provides
relief in 1-2 hours for 6-12 hours.
As compared to PPIs , they are not as fast, but are
stronger (omeprazole, pantoprazole). They provide relief
after several hours and relieve up to days
Which lab is elevated in pancreatitis - Answer-Serum
amylase
Hirschsprung's disease presentation - Answer-Failure to
pass meconium in the first 48 hours of life
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cachexia - Answer-a condition of physical wasting away
due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in
patients with diseases such as older adults, advanced
cancer or AIDS
hepatitis panel with the following results: - HBsAg, + IgG
Anti-HBc, - IgM Anti-HBc, +HBsAb. Which of the following
is the correct interpretation of these findings? - Answer-
Immune due to previous infection
HBsAg is the surface antigen used to determine if a
hepatitis B infection is present.The Anti-HBc is the core
antibody. The core antibody will always remain positive
after an infection has occurred and can be further broken
down into the IgG and IgM to determine if the infection is
current or resolved. HBsAb (sometimes called the Anti-
HBs) is used to detect the surface antibody which
indicates the patient has immunity from Hepatitis B.
Immunity from Hepatitis B occurs either from past infection
or from the immunization. This patient has a positive IgG,
meaning they had an infection that is now gone. Since
their HBsAb is positive, they are now immune to hepatitis
B due to the previously resolved infection.
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A 60 year old female presents with dull, aching back pain
in her lower back and occasional weakness in her left foot.
She states that the pain is relieved when she sits down
and rests. What does the nurse practitioner suspect? -
Answer-Spinal stenosis
Low back pain that is relieved by sitting is a sign of spinal
stenosis. Weakness or "foot drop," burning in the buttocks
and thigh, and abnormal reflexes can all be signs of spinal
stenosis as well. Spinal stenosis is most common in
patients older than 50 years old and is many times due to
osteoarthritis. The pain is often described as dull or
aching.
A 37 year old female patient presents with unusual
complaints of continued fatigue, increasing bone pain, and
nausea. She has had several visits in the last several
months but no resolution of symptoms. Which of the
following is the most likely differential for this patient given
her presenting symptoms and history? - Answer-Some of
the classic symptoms of hyperparathyroidism include
abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, confusion,
muscle weakness, and bone pain. A patient with
depression may have the symptom of fatigue, but would
not necessarily present with the other symptoms. Patients