Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 – Maryville Latest 2023 (100% Correct
Answers)
How does hypoalbuminemia affect the process of prescribing?
ANS; Low albumin = more free drug (bc the drug can't bind to albumin aka protein) = increased
adverse effects
What is a Black Box Warning:
ANS; is considered a contraindication to administer that drug.
What is the drugs half-life?
ANS; Half-life specifically means the amount of time it takes for an administered drug to be
halfway cleared from the system.
Peak of action:
ANS;the time between drug administration and maximum concentration of drug in the blood
stream. Best therapeutic effect.
Duration of action:
the time between onset of action and metabolism of drug below the minimum needed for an
effect. The length of time you have the drug in your system.
According to the WHO what is the first step in the prescribing process?
The first step is to define the patient's problem
The second step is to
specify the therapeutic objective
The third step is to
choose which drug or treatment is needed.
Step 4 of the WHO approach:
Start the treatment
Step 5 of the WHO approach:
Educate the patient
Step 6 of the WHO approach:
Monitor the treatment
Phase 1 of drug development:
The drug is tested on healthy volunteers
1|Page
, Phase 2 of drug development:
trials with people who have the disease for which the drug is thought to be effective
Phase 3 of drug development:
Large numbers of patients in medical research centers receive the drug in phase 3. This larger
sampling provides information about infrequent or rare adverse effects. The FFA will approve a
new drug application if phase 3 studies are satisfactory.
Phase 4 of drug development:
This phase is voluntary and involves postmarket surveillance of the drug's therapeutic effects at
the completion of phase 3. The pharmaceutical company receives reports from doctors and other
health care professionals about the therapeutic results and adverse effects of the drug. Some
medications, for example, have been found to be toxic and have been removed from the market
after their initial release.
Explain first pass metabolism
much of the drug is lost in the absorption process. The liver metabolizes many drugs, thus
reduces the bioavailabilty of the drug.
What is the fasted route of absorption:
The fastest route of absorption is inhalation, and not as mistakenly considered the IV
administration.
Why does the GI tract take longer to absorb?
The GI tract is lined with epithelial cells; drugs must permeate through these cells in order to be
absorbed into the circulatory system.
What is One particular cellular barrier that may prevent absorption of a given drug?
the cell membrane. Cell membranes are essentially lipid bilayers which form a semipermeable
membrane. Pure lipid bilayers are generally permeable only to small and uncharged solutes,
hence whether or not a molecule is ionized will affect its absorption, since ionic molecules are
charged.
What is solubility?
Solubility favors charged species, permeability favors neutral species. Some molecules have
special exchange proteins and channels to facilitate movement from the lumen into the
circulation.
Why does absorption occur at a slower rate for oral, IM, SQ routes?
Absorption occurs at a slower rate because the complex membrane systems of GI mucosal
layers, muscle, and skin delay drug passage.
2|Page
Answers)
How does hypoalbuminemia affect the process of prescribing?
ANS; Low albumin = more free drug (bc the drug can't bind to albumin aka protein) = increased
adverse effects
What is a Black Box Warning:
ANS; is considered a contraindication to administer that drug.
What is the drugs half-life?
ANS; Half-life specifically means the amount of time it takes for an administered drug to be
halfway cleared from the system.
Peak of action:
ANS;the time between drug administration and maximum concentration of drug in the blood
stream. Best therapeutic effect.
Duration of action:
the time between onset of action and metabolism of drug below the minimum needed for an
effect. The length of time you have the drug in your system.
According to the WHO what is the first step in the prescribing process?
The first step is to define the patient's problem
The second step is to
specify the therapeutic objective
The third step is to
choose which drug or treatment is needed.
Step 4 of the WHO approach:
Start the treatment
Step 5 of the WHO approach:
Educate the patient
Step 6 of the WHO approach:
Monitor the treatment
Phase 1 of drug development:
The drug is tested on healthy volunteers
1|Page
, Phase 2 of drug development:
trials with people who have the disease for which the drug is thought to be effective
Phase 3 of drug development:
Large numbers of patients in medical research centers receive the drug in phase 3. This larger
sampling provides information about infrequent or rare adverse effects. The FFA will approve a
new drug application if phase 3 studies are satisfactory.
Phase 4 of drug development:
This phase is voluntary and involves postmarket surveillance of the drug's therapeutic effects at
the completion of phase 3. The pharmaceutical company receives reports from doctors and other
health care professionals about the therapeutic results and adverse effects of the drug. Some
medications, for example, have been found to be toxic and have been removed from the market
after their initial release.
Explain first pass metabolism
much of the drug is lost in the absorption process. The liver metabolizes many drugs, thus
reduces the bioavailabilty of the drug.
What is the fasted route of absorption:
The fastest route of absorption is inhalation, and not as mistakenly considered the IV
administration.
Why does the GI tract take longer to absorb?
The GI tract is lined with epithelial cells; drugs must permeate through these cells in order to be
absorbed into the circulatory system.
What is One particular cellular barrier that may prevent absorption of a given drug?
the cell membrane. Cell membranes are essentially lipid bilayers which form a semipermeable
membrane. Pure lipid bilayers are generally permeable only to small and uncharged solutes,
hence whether or not a molecule is ionized will affect its absorption, since ionic molecules are
charged.
What is solubility?
Solubility favors charged species, permeability favors neutral species. Some molecules have
special exchange proteins and channels to facilitate movement from the lumen into the
circulation.
Why does absorption occur at a slower rate for oral, IM, SQ routes?
Absorption occurs at a slower rate because the complex membrane systems of GI mucosal
layers, muscle, and skin delay drug passage.
2|Page
