Test Bank | Psychology: Themes and Variations, 12th Edition by Wayne Weiten, Gurung - Complete Chapters
Chapter 01 12e - Weiten
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Individuals’ intelligence, temperament, personality, and susceptibility to many psychological disorders are largely
influenced by
a. heredity alone.
b. only the environment.
c. self-identity.
d. heredity and environment.
ANSWER: d
2. Skepticism about climate change is most closely tied to which of the following?
a. Religious beliefs
b. Lack of education
c. Political ideology
d. Economic status
ANSWER: c
3. Among the following, which has likely contributed to the growth in cultural diversity in psychology?
a. A renewed interest in cognitive science
b. Better and more advanced psychological testing
c. The growing population of North America
d. Growing global interdependence
ANSWER: d
4. Which theoretical orientation is based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable
behavior?
a. Functionalism
b. Structuralism
c. Behaviorism
d. Psychoanalysis
ANSWER: c
5. In criticizing the structuralists’ reliance on the method of introspection, William James argued that two people
could view the same stimulus quite differently. James’s argument illustrates which of the textbook’s unifying
themes?
a. Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.
b. Psychology is empirical.
c. Heredity and environment jointly influence behavior.
d. Our experience of the world is highly subjective.
ANSWER: b
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 12e - Weiten
6. People who generate many different and reasonable explanations about a topic before selecting the most likely
outcome are
a. using critical thinking skills.
b. over-thinking the situation.
c. using introspection techniques.
d. rigid in their thinking.
ANSWER: a
7. Which specialty in psychology works with individuals experiencing everyday problems, such as career or
marriage issues?
a. Clinical
b. Cognitive
c. Counseling
d. Behavioral
ANSWER: c
8. Which of the following is MOST likely to be studied by a cognitive psychologist?
a. Strategies used by college students to solve a particular problem
b. Play behavior in preschool children
c. Whether or not a job incentive program is effective
d. Factors that determine group cohesiveness
ANSWER: a
9. Katarina and Hope just saw the same movie. Katarina liked the plotline of the movie but did not enjoy the
special effects. She found them loud and overwhelming. Hope enjoyed the special effects and thought that they
enhanced the plotline and made the movie enjoyable. While they experienced the same movie, Katarina and
Hope differ on their movie review, as their experience with the movie is
a. objective.
b. subjective.
c. unbiased.
d. irrelevant.
ANSWER: b
10. A clinical psychologist would probably be MOST interested in
a. determining how small groups make decisions.
b. studying facial expressions of emotion.
c. figuring out the most effective ways of treating anxiety.
d. studying the nature of optical illusions.
ANSWER: c
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 12e - Weiten
11. With which of the following statements would a behaviorist agree?
a. Conscious experiences can be studied in an objective, precise way.
b. To understand behavior, one must understand the motives behind the behavior.
c. Behavior can only be explained in terms of phenomenology, that is, an individual’s interpretation of
experience.
d. Psychology should be the science of behavior that can be observed by others.
ANSWER: d
12. The civil rights movement and the women’s movement raised concerns about whether basic psychological
principles could be applied to groups other than white males. Consequently, psychologists began to select
samples of subjects that were more diverse for research studies. This change in practice illustrates the idea that
a. behavior is determined by multiple causes.
b. motives and expectations can color our experiences.
c. science evolves in a sociohistorical context.
d. theoretical diversity is an important component in science.
ANSWER: c
13. Which psychologists would be most likely to conduct psychological research using animals, such as rats?
a. Structuralists
b. Functionalists
c. Psychoanalysts
d. Behaviorists
ANSWER: d
14. Which school of thought rejected animal research, citing that, because humans are fundamentally different from
animals, research on animals has little relevance to the understanding of human behavior?
a. Gestalt
b. Humanism
c. Behaviorism
d. Psychoanalysis
ANSWER: b
15. If we expect to understand behavior, we usually have to consider
a. genetics.
b. environment.
c. a single cause.
d. multiple determinants.
ANSWER: d
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, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 12e - Weiten
16. Among the following, which would a developmental psychologist likely be interested in?
a. An experiment on a new medication to help prevent high cholesterol
b. A report on a new type of personality test
c. A newly released study on a new approach to repairing damages in the nervous system
d. A study on changes in life satisfaction among aging populations
ANSWER: d
17. Which of the following explanations is MOST likely to be used by an evolutionary psychologist to explain gender
differences in spatial abilities?
a. The principles of natural selection tend to operate differently in males and females.
b. Through evolution, males were classically conditioned to develop certain kinds of spatial abilities.
c. When they are young, males are more likely than females to be encouraged to engage in spatially-
oriented activities.
d. Division of labor between the sexes in hunting and gathering societies created different adaptive
pressures for males and females.
ANSWER: d
18. A cancer patient chooses a fake remedy over proven medical treatment after reading misleading online posts.
This scenario illustrates
a. The benefits of alternative medicine
b. The role of media literacy in treatment decisions
c. The effectiveness of online support groups
d. The dangers of misinformation on health outcomes
ANSWER: d
19. Which of the following is NOT good advice for developing sound study habits?
a. Find a place to study where you can concentrate.
b. Set up a schedule for studying.
c. Avoid taking study breaks while studying.
d. Reward yourself for studying.
ANSWER: c
20. Which of the following is true about psychology?
a. Psychology is not a science.
b. Psychology ignores behavior and the biological and cognitive processes that underlie behavior.
c. Since its inception, psychology has been a constantly evolving field.
d. Psychology applies superstitious thinking to practical problems.
ANSWER: c
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Chapter 01 12e - Weiten
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Individuals’ intelligence, temperament, personality, and susceptibility to many psychological disorders are largely
influenced by
a. heredity alone.
b. only the environment.
c. self-identity.
d. heredity and environment.
ANSWER: d
2. Skepticism about climate change is most closely tied to which of the following?
a. Religious beliefs
b. Lack of education
c. Political ideology
d. Economic status
ANSWER: c
3. Among the following, which has likely contributed to the growth in cultural diversity in psychology?
a. A renewed interest in cognitive science
b. Better and more advanced psychological testing
c. The growing population of North America
d. Growing global interdependence
ANSWER: d
4. Which theoretical orientation is based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable
behavior?
a. Functionalism
b. Structuralism
c. Behaviorism
d. Psychoanalysis
ANSWER: c
5. In criticizing the structuralists’ reliance on the method of introspection, William James argued that two people
could view the same stimulus quite differently. James’s argument illustrates which of the textbook’s unifying
themes?
a. Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.
b. Psychology is empirical.
c. Heredity and environment jointly influence behavior.
d. Our experience of the world is highly subjective.
ANSWER: b
Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 12e - Weiten
6. People who generate many different and reasonable explanations about a topic before selecting the most likely
outcome are
a. using critical thinking skills.
b. over-thinking the situation.
c. using introspection techniques.
d. rigid in their thinking.
ANSWER: a
7. Which specialty in psychology works with individuals experiencing everyday problems, such as career or
marriage issues?
a. Clinical
b. Cognitive
c. Counseling
d. Behavioral
ANSWER: c
8. Which of the following is MOST likely to be studied by a cognitive psychologist?
a. Strategies used by college students to solve a particular problem
b. Play behavior in preschool children
c. Whether or not a job incentive program is effective
d. Factors that determine group cohesiveness
ANSWER: a
9. Katarina and Hope just saw the same movie. Katarina liked the plotline of the movie but did not enjoy the
special effects. She found them loud and overwhelming. Hope enjoyed the special effects and thought that they
enhanced the plotline and made the movie enjoyable. While they experienced the same movie, Katarina and
Hope differ on their movie review, as their experience with the movie is
a. objective.
b. subjective.
c. unbiased.
d. irrelevant.
ANSWER: b
10. A clinical psychologist would probably be MOST interested in
a. determining how small groups make decisions.
b. studying facial expressions of emotion.
c. figuring out the most effective ways of treating anxiety.
d. studying the nature of optical illusions.
ANSWER: c
Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 12e - Weiten
11. With which of the following statements would a behaviorist agree?
a. Conscious experiences can be studied in an objective, precise way.
b. To understand behavior, one must understand the motives behind the behavior.
c. Behavior can only be explained in terms of phenomenology, that is, an individual’s interpretation of
experience.
d. Psychology should be the science of behavior that can be observed by others.
ANSWER: d
12. The civil rights movement and the women’s movement raised concerns about whether basic psychological
principles could be applied to groups other than white males. Consequently, psychologists began to select
samples of subjects that were more diverse for research studies. This change in practice illustrates the idea that
a. behavior is determined by multiple causes.
b. motives and expectations can color our experiences.
c. science evolves in a sociohistorical context.
d. theoretical diversity is an important component in science.
ANSWER: c
13. Which psychologists would be most likely to conduct psychological research using animals, such as rats?
a. Structuralists
b. Functionalists
c. Psychoanalysts
d. Behaviorists
ANSWER: d
14. Which school of thought rejected animal research, citing that, because humans are fundamentally different from
animals, research on animals has little relevance to the understanding of human behavior?
a. Gestalt
b. Humanism
c. Behaviorism
d. Psychoanalysis
ANSWER: b
15. If we expect to understand behavior, we usually have to consider
a. genetics.
b. environment.
c. a single cause.
d. multiple determinants.
ANSWER: d
Page 3
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 12e - Weiten
16. Among the following, which would a developmental psychologist likely be interested in?
a. An experiment on a new medication to help prevent high cholesterol
b. A report on a new type of personality test
c. A newly released study on a new approach to repairing damages in the nervous system
d. A study on changes in life satisfaction among aging populations
ANSWER: d
17. Which of the following explanations is MOST likely to be used by an evolutionary psychologist to explain gender
differences in spatial abilities?
a. The principles of natural selection tend to operate differently in males and females.
b. Through evolution, males were classically conditioned to develop certain kinds of spatial abilities.
c. When they are young, males are more likely than females to be encouraged to engage in spatially-
oriented activities.
d. Division of labor between the sexes in hunting and gathering societies created different adaptive
pressures for males and females.
ANSWER: d
18. A cancer patient chooses a fake remedy over proven medical treatment after reading misleading online posts.
This scenario illustrates
a. The benefits of alternative medicine
b. The role of media literacy in treatment decisions
c. The effectiveness of online support groups
d. The dangers of misinformation on health outcomes
ANSWER: d
19. Which of the following is NOT good advice for developing sound study habits?
a. Find a place to study where you can concentrate.
b. Set up a schedule for studying.
c. Avoid taking study breaks while studying.
d. Reward yourself for studying.
ANSWER: c
20. Which of the following is true about psychology?
a. Psychology is not a science.
b. Psychology ignores behavior and the biological and cognitive processes that underlie behavior.
c. Since its inception, psychology has been a constantly evolving field.
d. Psychology applies superstitious thinking to practical problems.
ANSWER: c
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