NR 507 ADVANCED PATHO – MIDTERM EXAM PREP
NR 507 ADVANCED PATHO – MIDTERM EXAM PREP
NEWEST 2025/2026 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 200
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) WITH DETAILED RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!
A 22-year-old develops wheezing, hypotension, and urticaria immediately after
eating peanuts. Which mechanism is responsible for this reaction?
a) IgG-mediated cytotoxicity
b) Immune complex deposition
c) IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation
d) T-cell mediated inflammation
Answer: c) IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation
Rationale: This is a Type I hypersensitivity reaction (anaphylaxis). IgE antibodies
bind to mast cells → degranulation → release of histamine, leukotrienes,
prostaglandins → bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, hypotension.
A patient develops hemolysis after receiving the wrong blood type transfusion.
What type of hypersensitivity is this?
a) Type I
b) Type II
c) Type III
d) Type IV
Answer: b) Type II
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, NR 507 ADVANCED PATHO – MIDTERM EXAM PREP
Rationale: Type II hypersensitivity is cytotoxic and tissue-specific. IgG/IgM
antibodies bind to RBCs → complement activation → cell lysis → hemolytic
transfusion reaction.
A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus presents with kidney damage due to
immune complex deposition. What type of hypersensitivity is this?
a) Type II
b) Type I
c) Type IV
d) Type III
Answer: d) Type III
Rationale: Type III reactions involve antigen-antibody complexes circulating and
depositing in tissues (kidneys, joints), leading to inflammation and organ damage.
A nurse notes a rash localized only to the area where a patient touched poison ivy
3 days ago. What type of reaction is this?
a) Type I
b) Type II
c) Type III
d) Type IV
Answer: d) Type IV
Rationale: Type IV hypersensitivity is delayed and T-cell mediated. Contact
dermatitis appears days after exposure and remains localized.
Which treatment is most appropriate for a life-threatening Type I hypersensitivity
reaction?
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, NR 507 ADVANCED PATHO – MIDTERM EXAM PREP
a) Antihistamines
b) Corticosteroids
c) Epinephrine
d) Antibiotics
Answer: c) Epinephrine
Rationale: Epinephrine reverses bronchoconstriction and hypotension in
anaphylaxis. Antihistamines are supportive but not first-line in emergencies.
A patient with Graves’ disease has antibodies stimulating thyroid receptors. What
type of hypersensitivity is this?
a) Type III
b) Type II
c) Type IV
d) Type I
Answer: b) Type II
Rationale: Type II can alter function (not just destroy tissue). In Graves, antibodies
stimulate TSH receptors → hyperthyroidism.
A patient presents with a malar rash, photosensitivity, and positive ANA. Which
condition is most likely?
a) Rheumatoid arthritis
b) Multiple sclerosis
c) Systemic lupus erythematosus
d) Sjogren’s syndrome
Answer: c) Systemic lupus erythematosus
Rationale: Classic SLE findings include malar rash, photosensitivity, ANA positivity,
and multi-organ involvement due to immune complex deposition.
3|Page
, NR 507 ADVANCED PATHO – MIDTERM EXAM PREP
A patient with contact dermatitis asks why antihistamines are not effective. What
is the best explanation?
a) No mast cells are involved
b) It is antibody mediated
c) It involves complement activation
d) It is caused by infection
Answer: a) No mast cells are involved
Rationale: Type IV reactions are T-cell mediated, not histamine-driven →
antihistamines are ineffective.
A child is diagnosed with a genetic immune disorder affecting B cells. This is
classified as:
a) Secondary immunodeficiency
b) Primary immunodeficiency
c) Autoimmune disorder
d) Alloimmunity
Answer: b) Primary immunodeficiency
Rationale: Primary immunodeficiencies are genetic defects affecting immune
components like B or T cells.
A patient with HIV develops Pneumocystis pneumonia. This is an example of:
a) Primary immunodeficiency
b) Autoimmune disorder
c) Secondary immunodeficiency
d) Hypersensitivity
Answer: c) Secondary immunodeficiency
4|Page
NR 507 ADVANCED PATHO – MIDTERM EXAM PREP
NEWEST 2025/2026 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 200
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) WITH DETAILED RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!
A 22-year-old develops wheezing, hypotension, and urticaria immediately after
eating peanuts. Which mechanism is responsible for this reaction?
a) IgG-mediated cytotoxicity
b) Immune complex deposition
c) IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation
d) T-cell mediated inflammation
Answer: c) IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation
Rationale: This is a Type I hypersensitivity reaction (anaphylaxis). IgE antibodies
bind to mast cells → degranulation → release of histamine, leukotrienes,
prostaglandins → bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, hypotension.
A patient develops hemolysis after receiving the wrong blood type transfusion.
What type of hypersensitivity is this?
a) Type I
b) Type II
c) Type III
d) Type IV
Answer: b) Type II
1|Page
, NR 507 ADVANCED PATHO – MIDTERM EXAM PREP
Rationale: Type II hypersensitivity is cytotoxic and tissue-specific. IgG/IgM
antibodies bind to RBCs → complement activation → cell lysis → hemolytic
transfusion reaction.
A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus presents with kidney damage due to
immune complex deposition. What type of hypersensitivity is this?
a) Type II
b) Type I
c) Type IV
d) Type III
Answer: d) Type III
Rationale: Type III reactions involve antigen-antibody complexes circulating and
depositing in tissues (kidneys, joints), leading to inflammation and organ damage.
A nurse notes a rash localized only to the area where a patient touched poison ivy
3 days ago. What type of reaction is this?
a) Type I
b) Type II
c) Type III
d) Type IV
Answer: d) Type IV
Rationale: Type IV hypersensitivity is delayed and T-cell mediated. Contact
dermatitis appears days after exposure and remains localized.
Which treatment is most appropriate for a life-threatening Type I hypersensitivity
reaction?
2|Page
, NR 507 ADVANCED PATHO – MIDTERM EXAM PREP
a) Antihistamines
b) Corticosteroids
c) Epinephrine
d) Antibiotics
Answer: c) Epinephrine
Rationale: Epinephrine reverses bronchoconstriction and hypotension in
anaphylaxis. Antihistamines are supportive but not first-line in emergencies.
A patient with Graves’ disease has antibodies stimulating thyroid receptors. What
type of hypersensitivity is this?
a) Type III
b) Type II
c) Type IV
d) Type I
Answer: b) Type II
Rationale: Type II can alter function (not just destroy tissue). In Graves, antibodies
stimulate TSH receptors → hyperthyroidism.
A patient presents with a malar rash, photosensitivity, and positive ANA. Which
condition is most likely?
a) Rheumatoid arthritis
b) Multiple sclerosis
c) Systemic lupus erythematosus
d) Sjogren’s syndrome
Answer: c) Systemic lupus erythematosus
Rationale: Classic SLE findings include malar rash, photosensitivity, ANA positivity,
and multi-organ involvement due to immune complex deposition.
3|Page
, NR 507 ADVANCED PATHO – MIDTERM EXAM PREP
A patient with contact dermatitis asks why antihistamines are not effective. What
is the best explanation?
a) No mast cells are involved
b) It is antibody mediated
c) It involves complement activation
d) It is caused by infection
Answer: a) No mast cells are involved
Rationale: Type IV reactions are T-cell mediated, not histamine-driven →
antihistamines are ineffective.
A child is diagnosed with a genetic immune disorder affecting B cells. This is
classified as:
a) Secondary immunodeficiency
b) Primary immunodeficiency
c) Autoimmune disorder
d) Alloimmunity
Answer: b) Primary immunodeficiency
Rationale: Primary immunodeficiencies are genetic defects affecting immune
components like B or T cells.
A patient with HIV develops Pneumocystis pneumonia. This is an example of:
a) Primary immunodeficiency
b) Autoimmune disorder
c) Secondary immunodeficiency
d) Hypersensitivity
Answer: c) Secondary immunodeficiency
4|Page
