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systematic and cumulative
instruction that presents concepts in order, beginning with the easiest concepts and
increasing in difficulty, with new concepts being built on prior knowledge
explicit
a systematic and direct teaching approach where educators clearly and directly teach
specific concepts, skills, or strategies involving providing clear explanations, modeling,
guided practice, and feedback to facilitate understanding and mastery of the material
diagnostic
instruction that includes ongoing formal and informal assessment and focuses on
student strengths and needs
content standards
the guidelines that outline the knowledge, skills, and concepts students are expected to
master at each grade level in a particular subject area; typically defined at the state level
,performance standards
standards that describe the level of proficiency or achievement students should
demonstrate in relation to the content standards
Blooms Taxonomy
a hierarchical framework that categorizes cognitive processes into six levels, ranging
from lower-order thinking skills, such as remembering and understanding, to higher-
order thinking skills, such as analyzing and creating
multisensory
education that involves engaging multiple senses, such as sight, hearing, touch, and
movement, to enhance learning and reinforce concepts
literacy-rich environment
a setting that immerses students in a variety of reading, writing, speaking, and listening
activities and materials, promoting the development of strong literacy skills
auditory (sound)
the sense of hearing or learning through sound
visual (sight)
the sense of sight or learning through images, graphics, and spatial representations
, kinesthetic/tactile (touch)
learning through physical movement and touch, respectively, engaging the senses of
body movement and physical sensation
phonemic awareness
a subset of phonological awareness and specifically refers to the ability to recognize
and manipulate individual phonemes (speech sounds) in spoken words
phonics
the study of the relationships between letters and the sounds they represent, essential
for students to know in order to decode words
fluency
the ability to read text accurately, automatically, smoothly, and with expression
vocabulary
a deep understanding of a words' meaning, once achieved, the word will be stored the
brain's mental lexicon (storehouse of words)
comprehension
understanding and interpreting the meaning of text