EXAM 1 MED-SURG NU155 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION

WHAT ELECTROLYTE COMBINED W/ PHOSPHORUS FORMS THE MINERAL SALTS OF THE BONES AND TEETH; IS MAINLY RESPONSIBLE FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTION - ️️CALCIUM HOW IS CALCIUM INGESTED? - ️️W/ VITAMIN D AND ABSORBED THROUGH THE INTESTINE WHAT HAPPENS IF BLOOD CALCIUM IS TOO LOW? - ️️CALCIUM IS ABSORBED FROM BONES AND TEETH WHAT HAPPENS IF BLOOD CALCIUM IS TOO HIGH? - ️️CALCIUM WILL BE DEPOSITED INTO BONES AND TEETH MAKING STRONG BONES AND TEETH OSTEOBLASTS - ️️Bone building cells OSTEOCLASTS - ️️Bone-destroying cells WHERE IS CALCIUM REABSORBED AND EXCRETED? - ️️KIDNEYS WHAT ARE PTH AND CALCITONIN? - ️️RENAL HORMONES THAT LOWER BLOOD CALCIUM LEVELS AND SIGNALS KIDNEYS TO RID BODY OF EXCESS CALCIUM WHAT ELECTROLYTE PROMOTES TRANSMISSION OF NERVE IMPULSES AND HELPS REGULATE MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION? - ️️CALCIUM WHAT ARE FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE WATER IN THE BODY? - ️️1. SODIUM 2. MEDICATIONS 3. VOMITING & DIARRHEA 4. HEAT LEADING TO DEHYDRATION MOST OF THE BODY'S FLUIDS ARE INTRACELLULAR/EXTRACELLULAR? - ️️INTRACELLULAR THIS FLUID IS IN BLOOD VESSELS IN THE FORM OF PLASMA OR SERUM. - ️️INTRAVASCULARFLUID SURROUNDING CELLS, INCLUDING LYMPH. - ️️INTERSTITIAL FLUID WHAT CAUSES PITTING EDEMA? - ️️INTERSTITIAL FLUID BUILD UP MOVEMENT FROM AN AREA OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION TO LOWER CONCENTRATION. - ️️DIFFUSION MOVEMENT OF WATER FROM AN AREA OF LOWER CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION. - ️️OSMOSIS WATER AND SOLUTES ARE PUSHED THROUGH A SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE IN EQUAL AMOUNTS AT THE SAME TIME FROM AN AREA OF HIGH PRESSURE TO LOW PRESSURE. - ️️FILTRATION MOVEMENT OF SODIUM INTO CELL AND POTASSIUM OUT OF CELL ACROSS A MEMBRANE THAT REQUIRES CELLULAR ENERGY IN THE FORM OF ATP - ️️ACTIVE TRANSPORT HOW DOES ACTIVE TRANSPORT USE ATP TO MOVE MOLECULES ACROSS THE MEMBRANE? - ️️ATP PUSHES AND PULLS TO FIRE UP AN ACTION POTENTIAL TO FIRE DOWN A NEURON AND CAUSE THE MUSCLE TO CONTRACT. HOW MUCH TOTAL INTAKE OF FLUIDS DO WE NEED FOR NORMAL DAILY FUNCTION? - ️️2500 ML HOW MUCH OF OUR INTAKE OF FLUIDS IS INGESTED (ORAL FLUID)? - ️️1500 ML WHAT IS THE MINIMAL OUTPUT OF FLUIDS? - ️️2500 ML BESIDES INGESTED FLUIDS, WHAT ARE OTHER SOURCES OF FLUID INTAKE? - ️️FOOD AND CELLULAR METABOLISM WHAT ARE SOURCES OF FLUID OUTPUT? - ️️URINE SWEATING FECES EXHALED AIR HOW DOES THE BODY REGULATE FLUIDS? - ️️THIRST KIDNEYS HORMONES (ADH AND ALDOSTERONE)WHAT IS ADH RESPONSIBLE FOR? - ️️SIGNALS THE BODY TO RETAIN WATER WHAT IS ALDOSTERONE RESPONSIBLE FOR? - ️️SALT RETAINING HORMONE, MEANING WATER IS RETAINED INCREASES BP WHAT OCCURS WHEN THERE IS A LACK OF ADH? - ️️DIABETES INSIPIDUS WHAT ARE SOME SIDE EFFECTS OF DIABETES INSIPIDUS? - ️️EXCESSIVE URINATION DECREASE BLOOD VOLUME DECREASE BP LEADING TO SHOCK