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a set of connected things or parts forming a complex
System
whole.
the degree to which health care services for individuals
and populations increase the likelihood of desired health
Quality
outcomes and are consistent with current professional
knowledge
Access refers to entry into or use of the health care system
total medicare spending, health expenditures (% GDP),
Cost
variability in the cost of care
a health care system that provides health care and financial
Universal coverage
protection to all citizens of a particular country
the process by which businesses or other organizations
Globalization develop international influence or start operating on an
international scale
Centralized organized at the federal level
Decentralized organized at the regional level
Federal The central government
provincial, state, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit gov-
Regional
ernments
Public Health Services/Insurance owned and run by the government at any level
non-profit companies, usually medisave approved inte-
grated shield plansCovers upgraded hospital wards, can
Private Health Services/Insurance
cover primary care services and other outpatient services
not owned, not run by the government
The amount that you must pay at the point of service, that
Copayment
is prospectively a dollar amount
Coinsurance
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The amount that you must pay at the point of service, that
is prospectively set percentage of your bill
The amount that you must pay out-of-pocket before your
Deductible
insurance will cover your medical expenses
The amount that you must pay each month to remain
Premium
covered by your insurance
a form of health insurance; sum of money used to cover
Sickness funds
medical costs
government programs that protect people experiencing
unfavorable economic conditions.children under 18 are
Safety nets exempt from cost sharing; annual cap=2% household in-
come, 1% if chronically ill; unemployed do not lose health
insurance, government steps in.
Provision of a healthcare insurance policy that requires
Cost-sharing policyholders to pay for a portion of their healthcare ser-
vices; a cost-control mechanism.
a sum of money granted by the government or a public
Subsidy body to assist an industry or business so that the price of
a commodity or service may remain low or competitive.
the principle belief of giving without any expectation of an
Generalized Reciprocity
immediate return
an organizing principle that matters ought to be handled
Subsidiarity by the smallest, lowest or least centralized component of
government
the federal government has the responsibility to ensure
Social Solidarity that all citizens have access to fundamental social services,
including healthcare
Health financing
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Definition: The "function of a health system concerned
with the mobilization, accumulation and allocation of
money to cover the health needs of the people, individ-
ually and collectively, in the health system."
Purpose: make funding available, as well as to set the right
financial incentives to providers, to ensure that all individ-
uals have access to effective public health and personal
health care.
Health spending consists of health and health-related ex-
penditures. Expenditures are defined on the basis of their
Healthcare spending primary or predominant purpose of improving health,
regardless of the primary function or activity of the entity
providing or paying for the associated health services.
17.4% (3 trillion $)more than anything else, including
defense
Healthcare spending as a % of the GDP
about 15% of GDP in US goes towards healthcare
consists of health and health-related expenditures
A payment model where all healthcare services, products,
Fee-for-service and prescription medications are unbundled and paid for
separately
A type of prospective payment model in which the cost
of healthcare is established prior to treatment and paid
Per Diem
to the hospital or provider based on the number of days
treatment was given.
A payment model that reimburses healthcare organiza-
tions and physicians who achieve, improve, or exceed their
Pay-for-performance
performance on specified quality and cost measures, as
well as other benchmarks.
Physicians are paid a predetermined salary based upon
Salary
their level of expertise and experience.