Advance Pathophysiology__NGR6140 Questions With
Complete Solutions
Episode of focal ischemia with neurologic dysfunction lasting
60 minutes or less
What is TIA?
What is lacunar infarct?
Infarcts caused by perivascular edema
What is a a thrombotic stroke?
Infarct caused by arterial occlusions in vessels supplying the
brain.
What causes the disruption of nerve impulse transmission and
the death of neurons?
A.Aging
B.Amyloid deposition in the smooth muscle of cerebral arteries
C.Accumulation of toxic fragments of amyloid-beta protein
D.None of the above
Answer: C; Accumulation of toxic fragments of amyloid beta
protein
The failure to process and clear amyloid precursor protein
results in the accumulation of toxic fragments of amyloid beta
protein that leads to the formation of diffuse neuritic plaques,
disruption of nerve transmission, and death of neurons.
,Where are plaques and tangles mostly found?
A.Frontal Cortex
B.Cerebral Cortex
C.Hippocampus
D.Both A & B
E.Both B & C
Answer: E -Both B & C, Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus
Neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are more
concentrated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, both
structures important for memory.
TRUE OR FALSE
There is a major genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer's Disease
(AD).
True
The statement is true. Late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has
a major genetic risk that is related to apolipoprotein E gene-
allele 4 on chromosome 19, which interferes with amyloid-beta
clearance from the brain and is also processed into neurotoxic
fragments found in the plaques and tangles in the brain of people
with AD.
What is the greatest risk factor for developing Alzheimer's
Disease?
A.Obesity
B.Tyramine Foods
C.Alcoholism
D.Heredity
,Answer D; Heredity
Having a first-degree relative with Alzheimer's disease is the
greatest risk factor for developing the disease yourself.
How is Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosed?
A.Neurological Tests including imaging and scans
B.Mental Status Tests
C.Comprehensive Laboratory tests
D.All of the above
Answer D; All the above
There is no individual test to diagnose Alzheimer's Disease.
Comprehensive laboratory tests, neurological imaging, and
mental status tests all contribute to diagnosing Alzheimer's
Disease.
Which of the following are signs and symptoms of a patient who
has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease? (Select all apply)
A.Runny nose, congestion, and dry skin
B.increasing time to complete ADL
C.Calling pet by the wrong name
D.Screaming at the lunch lady
E.Forgetting to urinate or defecate
Answer B,C,D,E; increasing time to complete ADL, Calling pet
by the wrong name, Screaming at the lunch lady, Forgetting to
urinate or defecate
Alzheimer's Disease affects one's memory and cognition, ability
, to compete ADl in a timely manner or at all, and bladder and
bowel function progressively decline.
Which symptoms would characterize hypothyroidism in
clinical presentation?
a)Puffy eyelids, Dry, brittle and coarse hair, Weight gain
b)Diarrhea, Bradycardia, Weight gain
c)Dry skin, Weight loss, Fatigue
d)Weight gain, Menorrhagia, Exophthalmos
e)Tachycardia, Edema in extremities, Heat intolerance
Correct Answers: A
Puffy eyelids, dry, brittle, and coarse hair, and weight gain are
some of the symptoms that characterize hypothyroidism.
The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in
individuals with hypothyroidism disease is
a)Normal
b)Decreased
c)Increased
d)Constant change
Correct Answer: C
The hypothyroidism results from deficient production of TSH by
the thyroid gland.
How is primary hypothyroidism treated?
a)With radiation
Complete Solutions
Episode of focal ischemia with neurologic dysfunction lasting
60 minutes or less
What is TIA?
What is lacunar infarct?
Infarcts caused by perivascular edema
What is a a thrombotic stroke?
Infarct caused by arterial occlusions in vessels supplying the
brain.
What causes the disruption of nerve impulse transmission and
the death of neurons?
A.Aging
B.Amyloid deposition in the smooth muscle of cerebral arteries
C.Accumulation of toxic fragments of amyloid-beta protein
D.None of the above
Answer: C; Accumulation of toxic fragments of amyloid beta
protein
The failure to process and clear amyloid precursor protein
results in the accumulation of toxic fragments of amyloid beta
protein that leads to the formation of diffuse neuritic plaques,
disruption of nerve transmission, and death of neurons.
,Where are plaques and tangles mostly found?
A.Frontal Cortex
B.Cerebral Cortex
C.Hippocampus
D.Both A & B
E.Both B & C
Answer: E -Both B & C, Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus
Neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are more
concentrated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, both
structures important for memory.
TRUE OR FALSE
There is a major genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer's Disease
(AD).
True
The statement is true. Late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has
a major genetic risk that is related to apolipoprotein E gene-
allele 4 on chromosome 19, which interferes with amyloid-beta
clearance from the brain and is also processed into neurotoxic
fragments found in the plaques and tangles in the brain of people
with AD.
What is the greatest risk factor for developing Alzheimer's
Disease?
A.Obesity
B.Tyramine Foods
C.Alcoholism
D.Heredity
,Answer D; Heredity
Having a first-degree relative with Alzheimer's disease is the
greatest risk factor for developing the disease yourself.
How is Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosed?
A.Neurological Tests including imaging and scans
B.Mental Status Tests
C.Comprehensive Laboratory tests
D.All of the above
Answer D; All the above
There is no individual test to diagnose Alzheimer's Disease.
Comprehensive laboratory tests, neurological imaging, and
mental status tests all contribute to diagnosing Alzheimer's
Disease.
Which of the following are signs and symptoms of a patient who
has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease? (Select all apply)
A.Runny nose, congestion, and dry skin
B.increasing time to complete ADL
C.Calling pet by the wrong name
D.Screaming at the lunch lady
E.Forgetting to urinate or defecate
Answer B,C,D,E; increasing time to complete ADL, Calling pet
by the wrong name, Screaming at the lunch lady, Forgetting to
urinate or defecate
Alzheimer's Disease affects one's memory and cognition, ability
, to compete ADl in a timely manner or at all, and bladder and
bowel function progressively decline.
Which symptoms would characterize hypothyroidism in
clinical presentation?
a)Puffy eyelids, Dry, brittle and coarse hair, Weight gain
b)Diarrhea, Bradycardia, Weight gain
c)Dry skin, Weight loss, Fatigue
d)Weight gain, Menorrhagia, Exophthalmos
e)Tachycardia, Edema in extremities, Heat intolerance
Correct Answers: A
Puffy eyelids, dry, brittle, and coarse hair, and weight gain are
some of the symptoms that characterize hypothyroidism.
The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in
individuals with hypothyroidism disease is
a)Normal
b)Decreased
c)Increased
d)Constant change
Correct Answer: C
The hypothyroidism results from deficient production of TSH by
the thyroid gland.
How is primary hypothyroidism treated?
a)With radiation
