GMS 5057 - Medical Cell Biology - Test 1
Questions With Correct Answers
Definition |of |templated |polymerization |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-DNA |is |split |apart |and |each |
strand |is |used |as |a |template |when |being |replicated |or |during |transcription.
What |are |regulatory |DNA |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-They |are |genes |that |control |when, |where, |
and |how |much |genes |are |expressed
Multicellular |eukaryotic |organisms |that |sexually |reproduce |arise |from |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-single |cell |(zygote)
Cell |function |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-interpret |hereditary |DNA |and |express |information |to |
coordinate |synthesis |of |molecules |that |assemble |into |complex |structures |that |form |more |cells.
Monomers |of |DNA |and |RNA |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Nucleotide
components |of |a |nucleotide |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-sugar, |phosphate, |nitrogenous |base
The |backbone |of |a |nucleotide |has |what |types |of |chemical |bonds |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
covalent
The |nucleotide |bases |interact |with |eachother |via |what |types |of |bonds |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-Hydrogen
Central |Dogma |of |Molecular |Biology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |DNA |-> |RNA |-> |Protein
- |Genes |in |DNA |and |hereditary |information |is |expressed.
,What |are |enzymes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-proteins |with |catalytic |sites |that |catalyze |specific |
chemical |reactions
Enzyme |that |catalyzes |hydrolysis |of |polysaccharides |in |bacterial |cell |walls |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-Lysozyme
Main |currency |for |energy |in |cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ATP
What |structural |part |of |the |phospholipid |bilayer |prevents |the |passive |diffusion |of |hydrophilic |
substances |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-hydrophobic |core
Amphipathic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-having |both |a |hydrophilic |region |and |a |hydrophobic |
region
Liposome |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Phospholipid |bilayer |that |forms |an |aqueous |compartment |
as |a |result |of |phospholipids |being |submerged |into |water.
What |are |the |two |groups |of |prokaryotes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Bacteria |and |Archaea
What |are |the |three |branches |of |the |tree |of |life |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Bacteria, |Archaea, |
Eukarya
Sequence |conservation |in |rRNA |genes |among |various |species |including |human |suggest |what? |-
|CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-life |originated |from |an |ancestral |cell.
What |are |three |ways |that |new |genes |can |arise |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Intragenic |mutation |
Gene |duplication
,DNA |segment |shuffling
Examples |of |mutations |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-nucleotide |changes, |deletions, |and |insertions
Horizontal |gene |transfer |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |transfer |of |DNA |between |different |
organisms |(particularly |in |bacterial |species |and |rarely |in |eukaryotic |species).
Vertical |gene |transfer |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-parent |to |progeny
Gene |family |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Genes |that |share |related |sequences |and |functions
Largest |family |of |genes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ABC |transporters
ABC |transporters |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |ATP-binding |cassette |transporters
- |Transporters |that |use |ATP |as |energy |to |perform |various |functions.
homologous |genes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-two |or |more |genes |derived |from |the |same |
ancestral |gene
Orthologs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Homologous |genes |with |a |common |ancestor |in |different |
species |due |to |a |speciation |event.
Paralogs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Homologous |genes |with |a |common |ancestor |in |the |same |
species, |usually |due |to |gene |duplication |and |divergence.
Viruses |that |infect |bacterial |cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-bacteriophages
, Mutant |analysis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-using |mutants |to |understand |how |a |biological |
process |normally |works
Mitochondrion |origin |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-An |ancient |eukaryotic |precursor |cell |engulfed |a |
bacterial |cell |and |became |a |host |for |the |bacterial |cell. |A |symbiotic |relationship |was |formed.
Human |cells |have |hybrid |genomes |including: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Nuclear |and |
mitochondrial
c-KIT |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Cellular |receptor |tyrosine |kinase. |Phosphorylates |tyrosines |on |
certain |cytosolic |proteins. |Regulates |function |and |migration |of |melanocytes |in |skin.
Piebaldism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Absence |of |melanocytes |in |areas |of |skin |that |have |less |
pigmentation.
What |elements |make |of |most |mass |of |cells? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-CHON
What |types |of |bonds |have |the |highest |strength |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Covalent
What |types |of |bonds |have |the |highest |specificity |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-non-covalent
What |is |the |difference |between |electrostatic/ionic |bonds |and |other |non-covalent |bonds? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-there |is |no |partial |charges, |or |sharing |of |electrons. |Ionic |bonds |are |the
|interactions |between |two |fully |charged |atoms.
Water |dissolves |what |types |of |molecules |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-hydrophilic |that |are |polar |
and |charged.
Questions With Correct Answers
Definition |of |templated |polymerization |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-DNA |is |split |apart |and |each |
strand |is |used |as |a |template |when |being |replicated |or |during |transcription.
What |are |regulatory |DNA |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-They |are |genes |that |control |when, |where, |
and |how |much |genes |are |expressed
Multicellular |eukaryotic |organisms |that |sexually |reproduce |arise |from |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-single |cell |(zygote)
Cell |function |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-interpret |hereditary |DNA |and |express |information |to |
coordinate |synthesis |of |molecules |that |assemble |into |complex |structures |that |form |more |cells.
Monomers |of |DNA |and |RNA |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Nucleotide
components |of |a |nucleotide |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-sugar, |phosphate, |nitrogenous |base
The |backbone |of |a |nucleotide |has |what |types |of |chemical |bonds |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
covalent
The |nucleotide |bases |interact |with |eachother |via |what |types |of |bonds |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-Hydrogen
Central |Dogma |of |Molecular |Biology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |DNA |-> |RNA |-> |Protein
- |Genes |in |DNA |and |hereditary |information |is |expressed.
,What |are |enzymes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-proteins |with |catalytic |sites |that |catalyze |specific |
chemical |reactions
Enzyme |that |catalyzes |hydrolysis |of |polysaccharides |in |bacterial |cell |walls |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-Lysozyme
Main |currency |for |energy |in |cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ATP
What |structural |part |of |the |phospholipid |bilayer |prevents |the |passive |diffusion |of |hydrophilic |
substances |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-hydrophobic |core
Amphipathic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-having |both |a |hydrophilic |region |and |a |hydrophobic |
region
Liposome |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Phospholipid |bilayer |that |forms |an |aqueous |compartment |
as |a |result |of |phospholipids |being |submerged |into |water.
What |are |the |two |groups |of |prokaryotes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Bacteria |and |Archaea
What |are |the |three |branches |of |the |tree |of |life |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Bacteria, |Archaea, |
Eukarya
Sequence |conservation |in |rRNA |genes |among |various |species |including |human |suggest |what? |-
|CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-life |originated |from |an |ancestral |cell.
What |are |three |ways |that |new |genes |can |arise |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Intragenic |mutation |
Gene |duplication
,DNA |segment |shuffling
Examples |of |mutations |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-nucleotide |changes, |deletions, |and |insertions
Horizontal |gene |transfer |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |transfer |of |DNA |between |different |
organisms |(particularly |in |bacterial |species |and |rarely |in |eukaryotic |species).
Vertical |gene |transfer |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-parent |to |progeny
Gene |family |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Genes |that |share |related |sequences |and |functions
Largest |family |of |genes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ABC |transporters
ABC |transporters |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-- |ATP-binding |cassette |transporters
- |Transporters |that |use |ATP |as |energy |to |perform |various |functions.
homologous |genes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-two |or |more |genes |derived |from |the |same |
ancestral |gene
Orthologs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Homologous |genes |with |a |common |ancestor |in |different |
species |due |to |a |speciation |event.
Paralogs |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Homologous |genes |with |a |common |ancestor |in |the |same |
species, |usually |due |to |gene |duplication |and |divergence.
Viruses |that |infect |bacterial |cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-bacteriophages
, Mutant |analysis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-using |mutants |to |understand |how |a |biological |
process |normally |works
Mitochondrion |origin |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-An |ancient |eukaryotic |precursor |cell |engulfed |a |
bacterial |cell |and |became |a |host |for |the |bacterial |cell. |A |symbiotic |relationship |was |formed.
Human |cells |have |hybrid |genomes |including: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Nuclear |and |
mitochondrial
c-KIT |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Cellular |receptor |tyrosine |kinase. |Phosphorylates |tyrosines |on |
certain |cytosolic |proteins. |Regulates |function |and |migration |of |melanocytes |in |skin.
Piebaldism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Absence |of |melanocytes |in |areas |of |skin |that |have |less |
pigmentation.
What |elements |make |of |most |mass |of |cells? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-CHON
What |types |of |bonds |have |the |highest |strength |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Covalent
What |types |of |bonds |have |the |highest |specificity |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-non-covalent
What |is |the |difference |between |electrostatic/ionic |bonds |and |other |non-covalent |bonds? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-there |is |no |partial |charges, |or |sharing |of |electrons. |Ionic |bonds |are |the
|interactions |between |two |fully |charged |atoms.
Water |dissolves |what |types |of |molecules |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-hydrophilic |that |are |polar |
and |charged.
