NURS 243 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

NURS 243 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 EBP (evidence based practice) - Answers The 7 steps of _____ (acronym only) are: Step 0: Cultivate a spirit of inquiry Step 1: Ask clinical questions in a PICOT format Step 2: Search for the best evidence Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence Step 4: Integrate the evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences and values Step 5: Evaluate the outcomes of the practice decisions or changes based on evidence Step 6: Disseminate EBP results evidence-based practice - Answers The conscientious integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise, patient values and needs in the delivery of high-quality, cost effective health care describes _____ (thr-ee words). variable - Answers A factor that can be controlled or changed in an experiment is a ____. dependent - Answers The variable which is hypothesized to rely upon or be caused by another variable is the [ dependent / independent ] variable. independent - Answers The variable that is believed to be the "cause" or "influence" is the [ dependent / independent ] variable. confounding - Answers Extraneous variables are also knows and _____ variables. These variables cloud the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. positivism - Answers Quantitative research attempts to establish statistically significant relationships, addresses questions by measuring and describing, is based on objective measurement and observation, and is concerned with correlation and causation. It's focus on OBJECTIVE REALITY means it falls with in the philosophical underpinnings of _____. reliability - Answers The degree of consistency or accuracy with which an instrument ( e.g. survey question ) measures the attribute it has been designed to measure is [ reliability / validity ]. validity - Answers The degree to which the instrument ( e.g. survey question ) measures the phenomena in the first place or reflects the abstract construct being examined is [ reliability / validity ]. descriptive - Answers Statistics which describe and synthesise data and show patterns and trends are [ descriptive / inferential ] statistics. inferential - Answers Statistics which permit the investigator to infer whether relationships noted in a sample might occur in a larger population are [ descriptive / inferential ]. central tendency - Answers Mean (average), median (exact middle) and mode (occurs most frequently) are measures of _____. P-values (probability level) - Answers Statisticians use _____ (two words) to measure probability, the likelihood of a particular outcome. standard deviation - Answers The spread of data from a mean values is the ____ (two words). population - Answers During the 7 steps of evidence-based practice, the nurse asks questions in PICOT format, which stands for: P: _____ of interest I: intervention or area of interest C: comparison group O: outcome T: time comparison - Answers During the 7 steps of evidence-based practice, the nurse asks questions in PICOT format, which stands for: P: population of interest I: intervention or area of interest C: _____ group O: outcome T: time outcome - Answers During the 7 steps of evidence-based practice, the nurse asks questions in PICOT format, which stands for: P: population of interest I: intervention or area of interest C: comparison group O: ____ T: time time - Answers During the 7 steps of evidence-based practice, the nurse asks questions in PICOT format, which stands for: P: population of interest I: intervention or area of interest C: comparison group O: outcome T: _____ representativeness - Answers In quantitative studies, ____ is the important quality of samples. non-probability - Answers CONVENIENCE, QUOTA and PURPOSIVE are words that refer to the 3 types of _____ (two-words) sampling. probability - Answers SIMPLE-RANDOM, STRATIFIED RANDOM, CLUSTER, AND SYSTEMATIC are words that refer to 4 types of ____ sampling. quantitative - Answers This type of research is a means for testing objective theories by examining the RELATIONSHIP among VARIABLES. Select the target population, select the accessible population, state the eligibility criteria, outline the sampling plan, and recruit the sample are the basic steps of [ qualitative / quantitative ] studies. qualitative - Answers A general idea of the population with selection of a few cases, successive samples units based on information from the first few cases, use of informants for recruitment, adjust sampling as needed, achieve SATURATION, and elimination of duds are the basic steps of [ qualitative / quantitative ] studies. sample - Answers A subset of the population that is selected to be participants in a study is the ____. naturalistic - Answers Qualitative research designs are rooted in a ______ philosophy that asserts that reality is subjective, rather than objective because there is not one single reality but multiple realities and the knowledge gained is only relevant within that particular situation or context. inductive - Answers In qualitative research, the research process is [deductive / inductive ] and begins with broad exploratory aims that provide a focus for study without pre-empting which aspects of the experience may be deemed important or relevant. phenomenology - Answers A qualitative research design that describes the LIVED EXPERIENCE of individuals. The focus of _____ is on understanding what an experience means within the context of people's lives. grounded theory - Answers When different concepts and patterns emerge from the analysis of the data and are then synthesized into a theory to serve as a guide for further understanding, researchers are incorporating a _____ (two words) qualitative research design. Uses "theoretical" sampling. ethnography - Answers Researchers use this qualitative research design when they are seeking a deeper understanding or description of a specific culture, group or community. ____ involves EXPERIENCING most often by PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION...FIELDWORK etc. narrative inquiry - Answers In this qualitative research design the researchers studies the lives and experiences of individuals or groups by asking them to talk about or story-tell their experiences. The stories are analyzed within and across individuals and then re-told by the researcher in a ____ (two words) design. IRB - Answers An administrative body established to protect the rights and welfare of human research subjects recruited to participate in research activities conducted under the auspices of the organization with which it is affiliated is a(n) ____ (acronym only). experimental - Answers Research design which involves random sampling/assignment, an intervention, test/control groups, and which leads to inferences that can be made to generalize to a larger population is ____ research. quasi-experimental - Answers A research design which sometimes involve random sampling or assignment but usually is non-random, often has a test/control or comparison groups. Data is often collected in a pre-test/post-test fashion in a ____ (two-words) research design. case study - Answers The purpose of this qualitative research design is to construct the portrait of a "case" and is called a(n) ____ (two words). random - Answers A method of sampling which gives every member of the population equal chance of being included is ____ sampling. simple random - Answers Autogeneration of random numbers is known as ____ (two words) sampling. intervention - Answers In nursing students (P) what is the effect of online-learning (I) on morale (O) compared with experiential (clinical) learning (C) within a 6-quarter nursing program (T)? This is an example of a(n) [ intervention / prevention ] PICOT question. prevention - Answers For nursing students (P) does the frequent consumption of ice cream (I) reduce the future risk of depression (O) compared with frequent consumption of leafy, green vegetables (C). This is an example of a(n) [ intervention / prevention ] PICOT question. selection - Answers The bias introduced by the selection of individuals, groups or data for analysis in such a way that proper randomization is not achieved is _____ bias. information - Answers Any systematic difference from the truth that arises in the collection, recall, recording and handling of information in a study, including how missing data is dealt with is a form of ____ bias. Other types of this include: observer, recall, and reporting. health care quality - Answers The following are the 6 AIMS of ______ (three words) from the Institute of Medicine (IOM). 1) SAFE: Avoiding harm to patients from the care that is intended to help them. 2) EFFECTIVE: Providing services based on scientific knowledge to all who could benefit and refraining from providing services to those not likely to benefit (avoiding underuse and misuse, respectively). 3) PATIENT-CENTERED: Providing care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions. 4) TIMELY: Reducing waits and sometimes harmful delays for both those who receive and those who give care. 5) EFFICIENT: Avoiding waste, including waste of equipment, supplies, ideas, and energy. 6) EQUITABLE: Providing care that does not vary in quality because of personal characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and socioeconomic status. shared governance - Answers In this model of leadership and decision-making, nurses at every level play a role in the decisions that affect nursing activity throughout the system. Nurse managers move out of traditional industrial role models into collegial models becoming moderators of the service process. ____ (two words) is usually defined by a structure of rules or bylaws Laissez-faire - Answers To some nurses this type of leadership/management style can be frustrating because it is PERMISSIVE with little control and no criticism. Group apathy and disinterest can occur. Motivation occurs by providing support when it is requested. When all group members are highly motivated this style can be effective and promote creativity and productivity. Communication flow is UPWARDS and DOWNWARDS. A _____ (two-words) style is good for brainstorming. Authoritarian (autocratic) - Answers When a charge nurse has this leadership/management style, the nurse has strong control maintained over the group, tends to motivate subordinates by COERCION, and is directive with commands. Decision making doesn't necessarily involve others and DECISIONS FLOW DOWNWARDS. This charge nurse places emphasis on the difference in status between "I" and the people they supervise. When a nurse has an _____ style, criticism is punitive. democratic - Answers When a charge nurse has this leadership/management style, it's likely because the charge nurse knows this style is appropriate when people from different groups need to get along and work together, especially for extended periods. The charge uses ECONOMIC and EGO rewards to motivate and promotes autonomy and growth in individual workers. A _____ style can often be perceived as less efficient QUANTITATIVELY. multicratic - Answers A ____ leadership/management style is one that is situational with contingencies. It acknowledges that no one leadership style is ideal for every situation. Hawthorne effect - Answers Elton Mayo studied the behavior of factory workers when specific elements of their working environment were tweaked. Research found that productivity improved not because of the changes but because the employees knew they were being watched. This is known as the _____ (two words). leadership - Answers The art of getting work done through others willingly is _____. It can be formal or informal. Informal leaders do not always have the title but can influence others through other factors like charisma.