BIOM 3210 – Kahneman Exam Study Guide
Who is more likely to detect our own errors
a) ourselves
b) an objective observer - ANSWER b) an objective observer
State whether we are prone to overestimating or underestimating each other the
following
a) how much we understand about the world
b) the role of chance in events - ANSWER a) overestimate
b) underestimate
Hindsight bias leads us to be more? - ANSWER Overconfident
_________ produces intuitive judgements automatically and quickly, with little or
no effort and no sense of voluntary control - ANSWER System 1
When does system 1 have more influence on our behaviours than system 2? -
ANSWER When system 2 is busy
a) Activities that impose high demands on system 2 require?
b) how do these activities make us feel - ANSWER a) self control
b) depleted and unpleasant
How do people view cognitive effort? - ANSWER At least mildly unpleasant; they
avoid it as much as possible
One of the main functions of ___________ is to monitor and control thoughts and
actions suggested by _____________, allowing some to be expressed directly in
behaviour, and suppressing/modifying others - ANSWER System 2, system 1
a) When people believe a conclusion is true, what else are they likely to believe?
b) which system is responsible for this? - ANSWER a)That the arguments to
support the conclusion are true, even if they are unsound
b) system 1 (makes you believe the conclusion first, then accept the arguments
after)
, When you feel strained, you are more likely to? (5 things) - ANSWER - be vigilant
- be suspicious
- invest more effort in what you are doing
- feel less comfortable
- make fewer errors
a) System 1 has a hard time distinguishing truth from?
b) ^why? - ANSWER a) Familiarity
b) due to cognitive ease
- system 1 makes associations about truth that are a result of 'easiness' (the
least effort, the more desirable)
What is cognitive ease? - ANSWER How easy it is for our brains to process
something
a) enhancing/increasing strain does what to system 1 and 2?
b) decreasing strain does what to system 1 and 2? - ANSWER a) increases
system 2 activity (and thus error detection)
b) increases system 1 activity (and thus intuitive judgements)
What is the mere exposure effect? - ANSWER When repetition induces cognitive
ease, and a comforting feeling of familiarity
How do we rate words that we know nothing about, but have seen before? -
ANSWER We are more likely to rate them as meaning something good
- due to the mere exposure effect
What does the link between positive emotion and system 1 cause us to do? -
ANSWER Causes us to be less questioning of system 1's intuitive associations
(that are sometimes only based on an illusion of familiarity)
Complete the 2 clusters
a) good mood (+4 more)
b) sadness (+4 more) - ANSWER a)
- good mood
- intuition
- creativity
-gullibility
- increased reliance on system 1
Who is more likely to detect our own errors
a) ourselves
b) an objective observer - ANSWER b) an objective observer
State whether we are prone to overestimating or underestimating each other the
following
a) how much we understand about the world
b) the role of chance in events - ANSWER a) overestimate
b) underestimate
Hindsight bias leads us to be more? - ANSWER Overconfident
_________ produces intuitive judgements automatically and quickly, with little or
no effort and no sense of voluntary control - ANSWER System 1
When does system 1 have more influence on our behaviours than system 2? -
ANSWER When system 2 is busy
a) Activities that impose high demands on system 2 require?
b) how do these activities make us feel - ANSWER a) self control
b) depleted and unpleasant
How do people view cognitive effort? - ANSWER At least mildly unpleasant; they
avoid it as much as possible
One of the main functions of ___________ is to monitor and control thoughts and
actions suggested by _____________, allowing some to be expressed directly in
behaviour, and suppressing/modifying others - ANSWER System 2, system 1
a) When people believe a conclusion is true, what else are they likely to believe?
b) which system is responsible for this? - ANSWER a)That the arguments to
support the conclusion are true, even if they are unsound
b) system 1 (makes you believe the conclusion first, then accept the arguments
after)
, When you feel strained, you are more likely to? (5 things) - ANSWER - be vigilant
- be suspicious
- invest more effort in what you are doing
- feel less comfortable
- make fewer errors
a) System 1 has a hard time distinguishing truth from?
b) ^why? - ANSWER a) Familiarity
b) due to cognitive ease
- system 1 makes associations about truth that are a result of 'easiness' (the
least effort, the more desirable)
What is cognitive ease? - ANSWER How easy it is for our brains to process
something
a) enhancing/increasing strain does what to system 1 and 2?
b) decreasing strain does what to system 1 and 2? - ANSWER a) increases
system 2 activity (and thus error detection)
b) increases system 1 activity (and thus intuitive judgements)
What is the mere exposure effect? - ANSWER When repetition induces cognitive
ease, and a comforting feeling of familiarity
How do we rate words that we know nothing about, but have seen before? -
ANSWER We are more likely to rate them as meaning something good
- due to the mere exposure effect
What does the link between positive emotion and system 1 cause us to do? -
ANSWER Causes us to be less questioning of system 1's intuitive associations
(that are sometimes only based on an illusion of familiarity)
Complete the 2 clusters
a) good mood (+4 more)
b) sadness (+4 more) - ANSWER a)
- good mood
- intuition
- creativity
-gullibility
- increased reliance on system 1
