CDE Exam Study Guide Questions With
Accurate Answers 2025\2026 A+ Grade.
Pramlintide
- accurate answers-(Symlin) 1) slows the rate of digestion from stomach to
intestines 2) lowers the amount of glucose produced by the liver 3) triggers
the feeling of fullness after eating.
Pramlintide Dosing
- accurate answers-Reduce mealtime insulin by 50%, then initiate at 15mcg
immediately prior to meals. Then increase to 30, 45, or 60mcg when no
clinically significant nausea has occurred for at least 3 days.
Pramlintide Contraindications/Considerations
- accurate answers-Can't be mixed with insulins
May delay absorption of co-administered oral meds (take those 1hr prior or
2hr after Symlin)
Not used for pts on anticholinergics or others that will slow gastric emptying
Cannot be used in pts with confirmed gastroparesis
Increased risk of hypoglycemia with ACE-I, MAOI, Fluoxetine, and sulfa abx.
Target Cholesterol Levels for High-Risk patients
- accurate answers-LDL: 100-129
Total: 200-239
HDL: >40
What are HGM-CoA Reductase Inhibitors?
- accurate answers-Statins
Fuel Homeostasis Stage 1
- accurate answers-Fed state - 0-3.8hr
Insulin inhibits breakdown of glycogen and TG reservoirs
, Fuel Homeostasis Stage 2
- accurate answers-Post-Absorptive State - 4-15.9hr
Insulin levels decrease, glucagon levels rise
Fuel Homeostasis Stage 3
- accurate answers-Early Starvation State - 16-47.9hr
Lactate makes up half of gluconeogenic substrate. Insulin is suppressed and
counter-regulatory hormones are stimulated.
Fuel Homeostasis Stage 4
- accurate answers-Preliminary Prolonged Starvation State (48hr - 23.9 days)
BG comes from hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis. Insulin is markedly
suppressed by 60hr, and glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone, and epinephrine
are stimulated.
Fuel Homeostasis Stage 5
- accurate answers-Secondary Prolonged Starvation State (24-40 days)
BG originates from hepatic/renal gluconeogenesis still, but rate of glucose use
by brain diminishes and rate of hepatic gluconeogenesis slows.
Central Obesity Waist Size
- accurate answers-Men: >40in
Women: >30in
Metabolic Activity of Abdominal Fat
- accurate answers-More capillaries, influx of FFA. In liver, FFA's cause insulin
resistance, and FFA can be used as fuel, thus raising BG
BMI Range Classifications
- accurate answers-Under: <18.5
Normal: 18.5-24.9
Over: 25-29.9
Obese: >30
Accurate Answers 2025\2026 A+ Grade.
Pramlintide
- accurate answers-(Symlin) 1) slows the rate of digestion from stomach to
intestines 2) lowers the amount of glucose produced by the liver 3) triggers
the feeling of fullness after eating.
Pramlintide Dosing
- accurate answers-Reduce mealtime insulin by 50%, then initiate at 15mcg
immediately prior to meals. Then increase to 30, 45, or 60mcg when no
clinically significant nausea has occurred for at least 3 days.
Pramlintide Contraindications/Considerations
- accurate answers-Can't be mixed with insulins
May delay absorption of co-administered oral meds (take those 1hr prior or
2hr after Symlin)
Not used for pts on anticholinergics or others that will slow gastric emptying
Cannot be used in pts with confirmed gastroparesis
Increased risk of hypoglycemia with ACE-I, MAOI, Fluoxetine, and sulfa abx.
Target Cholesterol Levels for High-Risk patients
- accurate answers-LDL: 100-129
Total: 200-239
HDL: >40
What are HGM-CoA Reductase Inhibitors?
- accurate answers-Statins
Fuel Homeostasis Stage 1
- accurate answers-Fed state - 0-3.8hr
Insulin inhibits breakdown of glycogen and TG reservoirs
, Fuel Homeostasis Stage 2
- accurate answers-Post-Absorptive State - 4-15.9hr
Insulin levels decrease, glucagon levels rise
Fuel Homeostasis Stage 3
- accurate answers-Early Starvation State - 16-47.9hr
Lactate makes up half of gluconeogenic substrate. Insulin is suppressed and
counter-regulatory hormones are stimulated.
Fuel Homeostasis Stage 4
- accurate answers-Preliminary Prolonged Starvation State (48hr - 23.9 days)
BG comes from hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis. Insulin is markedly
suppressed by 60hr, and glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone, and epinephrine
are stimulated.
Fuel Homeostasis Stage 5
- accurate answers-Secondary Prolonged Starvation State (24-40 days)
BG originates from hepatic/renal gluconeogenesis still, but rate of glucose use
by brain diminishes and rate of hepatic gluconeogenesis slows.
Central Obesity Waist Size
- accurate answers-Men: >40in
Women: >30in
Metabolic Activity of Abdominal Fat
- accurate answers-More capillaries, influx of FFA. In liver, FFA's cause insulin
resistance, and FFA can be used as fuel, thus raising BG
BMI Range Classifications
- accurate answers-Under: <18.5
Normal: 18.5-24.9
Over: 25-29.9
Obese: >30
