BIOL 3110 - Lecture 1 Exam Latest Update
_____ is the branch of biology that deals with the structure and function of the
macromolecules (e.g., proteins and nucleic acids) essential to life. - ANSWER
Molecular Biology
The _____ of molecular biology where genetic material is transcribed into RNA
and then translated into protein. - ANSWER central dogma
What criteria must be fulfilled by the carrier of inheritance? - ANSWER (1)
Passed down, (2) Duplicated, (3) Physically stable
Who spent 8 years meticulously studying, recording and quantifying cross
breeding of 22 varieties of peas? - ANSWER Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel spent 8 years meticulously studying, recording and quantifying
cross breeding of _____ varieties of peas. - ANSWER 22
What are Gregor Mendel's 3 Laws of Inheritance? - ANSWER (1) Law of
independent assortment, (2) Law of independent segregation, (3) Law of
dominance
In Gregor Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment, specific traits operate _____
of one another. - ANSWER independent
In Gregor Mendel's Law of Independent segregation, inherited characteristics
exist in alternative forms - known as _____. - ANSWER alleles
In Gregor Mendel's Law of Independent segregation, an individual possesses
_____ paired alleles - one inherited from each parent. - ANSWER two
In Gregor Mendel's Law of Independent segregation, each parent transmits
_____ one allele to each offspring. - ANSWER one
In Gregor Mendel's Law of Dominance, for each characteristic, on factor is _____
and appears more often, in a 3:1 ratio - ANSWER dominant
In Gregor Mendel's Law of Dominance, the alternative form to dominant is _____.
- ANSWER recessive
Who studied embryo development and proposed that the nucleus contained the
factors responsible for the transmission of hereditary traits? - ANSWER Ernst
Haeckel
, Ernst Haeckel proposed that the _____ contained the factors responsible for the
transmission of hereditary traits - ANSWER nucleus
Who was the first to "isolate" what we now know as DNA. - ANSWER Johann
Friedrich Miescher
Johann Friedrich Miescher hoped to unravel the fundamental principles of the
life of cells by studying _____ collected from _____ on fresh surgical bandages -
ANSWER neutrophils, pus
In _____, Johann Friedrich Miescher found the ideal base material for his
analysis, and its "histological purity" allowed him to purify the chemical building
blocks that constitute cells. - ANSWER pus
Johann Friedrich Miescher used _____ to precipitate nuclei out of the solution
(used to isolate chemical substance within nuclei) - ANSWER alkaline solution
Johann Friedrich Miescher named the material found inside the nuclei _____ -
ANSWER nuclein
By chemical analysis, Johann Friedrich Miescher determined that nuclein does
not contain proteins since he found that it did not contain any sulfur (found in
proteins), but contains large amounts of _____. - ANSWER phosphorus
Johann Friedrich Miescher later discovered that _____ proved to be the ideal
source material for isolating large quantities of pure nuclein - ANSWER salmon
sperm
Nuclein was later renamed _____ when it was discovered to have properties of
acids - ANSWER nucleic acid
Who worked on the constitution of the cell nucleus, and showed that nuclein
consisted of a protein component, as well as a non-protein component. -
ANSWER Albrecht Kossel
Who discovered that nucleic acids contain four nitrogen-containing groups:
cytosine, thymine, adenine, and guanine. - ANSWER Albrecht Kossel
Who found a basophilic dye that specifically stained the material inside the cell
nucleus, which he termed "chromatin" - ANSWER Walter Flemming
Using this a basophilic dye to stain salamander embryos going through cell
division, _____ saw the stained material (chromatin) collect into thread-like
structures (chromosomes, from Greek word meaning coloured bodies). -
ANSWER Walter Flemming
_____ is the branch of biology that deals with the structure and function of the
macromolecules (e.g., proteins and nucleic acids) essential to life. - ANSWER
Molecular Biology
The _____ of molecular biology where genetic material is transcribed into RNA
and then translated into protein. - ANSWER central dogma
What criteria must be fulfilled by the carrier of inheritance? - ANSWER (1)
Passed down, (2) Duplicated, (3) Physically stable
Who spent 8 years meticulously studying, recording and quantifying cross
breeding of 22 varieties of peas? - ANSWER Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel spent 8 years meticulously studying, recording and quantifying
cross breeding of _____ varieties of peas. - ANSWER 22
What are Gregor Mendel's 3 Laws of Inheritance? - ANSWER (1) Law of
independent assortment, (2) Law of independent segregation, (3) Law of
dominance
In Gregor Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment, specific traits operate _____
of one another. - ANSWER independent
In Gregor Mendel's Law of Independent segregation, inherited characteristics
exist in alternative forms - known as _____. - ANSWER alleles
In Gregor Mendel's Law of Independent segregation, an individual possesses
_____ paired alleles - one inherited from each parent. - ANSWER two
In Gregor Mendel's Law of Independent segregation, each parent transmits
_____ one allele to each offspring. - ANSWER one
In Gregor Mendel's Law of Dominance, for each characteristic, on factor is _____
and appears more often, in a 3:1 ratio - ANSWER dominant
In Gregor Mendel's Law of Dominance, the alternative form to dominant is _____.
- ANSWER recessive
Who studied embryo development and proposed that the nucleus contained the
factors responsible for the transmission of hereditary traits? - ANSWER Ernst
Haeckel
, Ernst Haeckel proposed that the _____ contained the factors responsible for the
transmission of hereditary traits - ANSWER nucleus
Who was the first to "isolate" what we now know as DNA. - ANSWER Johann
Friedrich Miescher
Johann Friedrich Miescher hoped to unravel the fundamental principles of the
life of cells by studying _____ collected from _____ on fresh surgical bandages -
ANSWER neutrophils, pus
In _____, Johann Friedrich Miescher found the ideal base material for his
analysis, and its "histological purity" allowed him to purify the chemical building
blocks that constitute cells. - ANSWER pus
Johann Friedrich Miescher used _____ to precipitate nuclei out of the solution
(used to isolate chemical substance within nuclei) - ANSWER alkaline solution
Johann Friedrich Miescher named the material found inside the nuclei _____ -
ANSWER nuclein
By chemical analysis, Johann Friedrich Miescher determined that nuclein does
not contain proteins since he found that it did not contain any sulfur (found in
proteins), but contains large amounts of _____. - ANSWER phosphorus
Johann Friedrich Miescher later discovered that _____ proved to be the ideal
source material for isolating large quantities of pure nuclein - ANSWER salmon
sperm
Nuclein was later renamed _____ when it was discovered to have properties of
acids - ANSWER nucleic acid
Who worked on the constitution of the cell nucleus, and showed that nuclein
consisted of a protein component, as well as a non-protein component. -
ANSWER Albrecht Kossel
Who discovered that nucleic acids contain four nitrogen-containing groups:
cytosine, thymine, adenine, and guanine. - ANSWER Albrecht Kossel
Who found a basophilic dye that specifically stained the material inside the cell
nucleus, which he termed "chromatin" - ANSWER Walter Flemming
Using this a basophilic dye to stain salamander embryos going through cell
division, _____ saw the stained material (chromatin) collect into thread-like
structures (chromosomes, from Greek word meaning coloured bodies). -
ANSWER Walter Flemming
