NURSl 5433/l NURS5433l Midterml Examl –l
Familyl IIl (FNPl 2)l Guide|l UTAl (Latestl
2026l Update)l 100%l Verifiedl Questionsl &l
Answersl |l Gradel A
Q:l Whatl arel typesl andl classificationsl ofl Vesicoureterall Reflux?
Answer:
Primaryl VUR:l congenitall -l urethral notl longl enoughl atl birth
Secondaryl VUR:l causedl byl UTIl orl obstruction
Gradel I:l Refluxl onlyl intol thel ureterl withoutl dilation.
Gradel II:l Refluxl intol thel ureterl andl renall pelvisl (kidneyl area)l withoutl dilation.
Gradel III:l Refluxl withl mildl tol moderatel dilationl ofl thel ureterl andl renall pelvis,l withl
minimall bluntingl ofl thel calyces.
Gradel IV:l Refluxl withl moderatel ureterall tortuosityl (twisting)l andl dilationl ofl thel renall
pelvisl andl calyces.
Gradel V:l Refluxl withl severel dilationl ofl thel ureter,l renall pelvis,l andl calyces,l significantl
tortuosity,l andl lossl ofl papillaryl impressions.
Q:l Whatl isl thel expectedl coursel ofl Wilmsl Tumor?
Answer:
Chemol andl nephrectomyl -l excellentl prognosisl whenl identifiedl early
Q:l Stagesl ofl AKI
Answer:
Stagel 1l isl al 1.5-l tol 1.9-foldl increasel inl seruml creatininel orl al declinel inl urinaryl outputl
tol lessl thanl 0.5l mL/kg/hl overl 6-12l hours
stagel 2l isl al 2.0-l tol 2.9-foldl increasel inl seruml creatininel orl declinel inl urinaryl outputl
tol lessl thanl 0.5l mL/kg/hl overl 12l hoursl orl longer
,stagel 3l isl al 3.0-foldl orl greaterl increasel inl seruml creatinine,l anl increasel inl seruml
creatininel tol greaterl thanl orl equall tol 4l mg/dL,l al declinel inl urinaryl outputl tol lessl thanl
0.3l mL/kg/hl forl 24l hoursl orl longer,l anurial forl 12l hoursl orl longer,l orl initiationl ofl
kidneyl replacementl therapy
Q:l Inl prerenall AKI,l thel BUN:creatininel ratiol is
Answer:
exceedsl 20:1l duel tol increasedl ureal reabsorptionl byl functioningl tubules
Q:l Patientsl withl AKIl duel tol suspectedl postrenall causesl should:
Answer:
undergol bladderl catheterizationl andl ultrasonographyl tol assessl forl hydroureter,l
hydronephrosis,l orl largel bladderl volume.
Q:l Dialysisl initiationl shouldl bel consideredl when
Answer:
GFRl isl nearl 10l mL/min/1.73l m2l andl uremicl symptomsl arel present.l Otherl indicationsl
forl dialysis,l whichl mayl occurl whenl GFRl isl 10-15l mL/min/1.73l m2,l arel fluidl overloadl
unresponsivel tol diuresisl andl refractoryl hyperkalemia
Q:l Leukocytel castsl arel suggestivel of:
Answer:
pyelonephritis
Q:l Normall post-voidl residual:
Answer:
<100
,Q:l Whatl arel thel graml positivel bacterial (strep,l staph,l andl enterococcus)?
Answer:
Staph:l Aureusl (skinl infection,l osteomylitis),l epidermidis,l saprophyticus
Streptococcusl Al (pyogenes):l pharnygitis,l tonsilitis,l scarletl fever,l rheumaticl feverl &l skinl
infections
Streptococcusl Bl (agalactiae),l Streptococcusl pneumoniael (respiratoryl infections)
Enterococcus:l VRE,l faecalis,l faeciuml (woundl infections,l UTIs,l bacteremia,l andl
endocarditis)-l txl Linezolidl 600mgl BID
Q:l Whatl vaccinesl containl livel viruses?
Answer:
MMRV
intranasall influenza
Rotavirus
BCG
Smallpox
Orall typhoid
Q:l Whol cannotl receivel livel virusl vaccines?
Answer:
pregnantl &l immunocompromised
Q:l Livel attenuatedl virusl vaccinel FACTS
Answer:
1.l Givenl atl samel timel orl samel dayl orl 4l weeks
apartl orl protectivel titerl isl notl produced.
2.l Notl typicallyl givenl priorl tol 1l yearl old.
3.l MMRl andl MMRVl shouldl bel givenl tol someonel allergicl tol neomycin
, Q:l Whatl sidel effectsl canl occurl afterl receivingl live-virusl vaccine?
Answer:
Feverl andl rashl canl occur;l normall response
*Withl MMRl rashl mayl occur
1l weekl afterl vaccine
Q:l Menningococcall Vaccinel shouldl bel given:
Answer:
tol alll collegel freshmenl inl dorms
Q:l Flul vaccinesl startl at:
Answer:
agel 6l months.
Q:l Vaccinel validity
Answer:
Al vaccinel givenl 4l daysl priorl tol scheduledl dosel isl consideredl valid;l 5l daysl notl valid
Q:l Kawasakil Disease
Answer:
Patho:l anl acute,l self-limiting,l mucocutaneousl vasculitisl characterizedl byl thel infiltrationl
ofl vessell wallsl withl mononuclearl cellsl andl laterl byl IgAl secretingl plasmal cellsl thatl canl
resultl inl thel destructionl ofl thel tunical medial andl aneurysml formation.
Symptoms:l Fever,l conjunctivitis,l orall mucosall changes,l rash,l cervicall lymphadenopathy,l
peripherall extremityl changes.
Diagnostics:l ESRl &l CRPl elevated.l Meetsl 4l outl ofl 5:l (1)l 5l daysl highl fever,l (2)l
strawberryl tongue,l crackedl lips,l orall ulcers,l (3)l red,l edemal extremities,l (4)l
polymorphousl rash,l (5)l cervicall lymphadenopathyl (largerl thanl 1.5l cm,l usuallyl unilateral.l
CBC:l leukocytosisl withl neutrophilicl predominance,l anemia
Familyl IIl (FNPl 2)l Guide|l UTAl (Latestl
2026l Update)l 100%l Verifiedl Questionsl &l
Answersl |l Gradel A
Q:l Whatl arel typesl andl classificationsl ofl Vesicoureterall Reflux?
Answer:
Primaryl VUR:l congenitall -l urethral notl longl enoughl atl birth
Secondaryl VUR:l causedl byl UTIl orl obstruction
Gradel I:l Refluxl onlyl intol thel ureterl withoutl dilation.
Gradel II:l Refluxl intol thel ureterl andl renall pelvisl (kidneyl area)l withoutl dilation.
Gradel III:l Refluxl withl mildl tol moderatel dilationl ofl thel ureterl andl renall pelvis,l withl
minimall bluntingl ofl thel calyces.
Gradel IV:l Refluxl withl moderatel ureterall tortuosityl (twisting)l andl dilationl ofl thel renall
pelvisl andl calyces.
Gradel V:l Refluxl withl severel dilationl ofl thel ureter,l renall pelvis,l andl calyces,l significantl
tortuosity,l andl lossl ofl papillaryl impressions.
Q:l Whatl isl thel expectedl coursel ofl Wilmsl Tumor?
Answer:
Chemol andl nephrectomyl -l excellentl prognosisl whenl identifiedl early
Q:l Stagesl ofl AKI
Answer:
Stagel 1l isl al 1.5-l tol 1.9-foldl increasel inl seruml creatininel orl al declinel inl urinaryl outputl
tol lessl thanl 0.5l mL/kg/hl overl 6-12l hours
stagel 2l isl al 2.0-l tol 2.9-foldl increasel inl seruml creatininel orl declinel inl urinaryl outputl
tol lessl thanl 0.5l mL/kg/hl overl 12l hoursl orl longer
,stagel 3l isl al 3.0-foldl orl greaterl increasel inl seruml creatinine,l anl increasel inl seruml
creatininel tol greaterl thanl orl equall tol 4l mg/dL,l al declinel inl urinaryl outputl tol lessl thanl
0.3l mL/kg/hl forl 24l hoursl orl longer,l anurial forl 12l hoursl orl longer,l orl initiationl ofl
kidneyl replacementl therapy
Q:l Inl prerenall AKI,l thel BUN:creatininel ratiol is
Answer:
exceedsl 20:1l duel tol increasedl ureal reabsorptionl byl functioningl tubules
Q:l Patientsl withl AKIl duel tol suspectedl postrenall causesl should:
Answer:
undergol bladderl catheterizationl andl ultrasonographyl tol assessl forl hydroureter,l
hydronephrosis,l orl largel bladderl volume.
Q:l Dialysisl initiationl shouldl bel consideredl when
Answer:
GFRl isl nearl 10l mL/min/1.73l m2l andl uremicl symptomsl arel present.l Otherl indicationsl
forl dialysis,l whichl mayl occurl whenl GFRl isl 10-15l mL/min/1.73l m2,l arel fluidl overloadl
unresponsivel tol diuresisl andl refractoryl hyperkalemia
Q:l Leukocytel castsl arel suggestivel of:
Answer:
pyelonephritis
Q:l Normall post-voidl residual:
Answer:
<100
,Q:l Whatl arel thel graml positivel bacterial (strep,l staph,l andl enterococcus)?
Answer:
Staph:l Aureusl (skinl infection,l osteomylitis),l epidermidis,l saprophyticus
Streptococcusl Al (pyogenes):l pharnygitis,l tonsilitis,l scarletl fever,l rheumaticl feverl &l skinl
infections
Streptococcusl Bl (agalactiae),l Streptococcusl pneumoniael (respiratoryl infections)
Enterococcus:l VRE,l faecalis,l faeciuml (woundl infections,l UTIs,l bacteremia,l andl
endocarditis)-l txl Linezolidl 600mgl BID
Q:l Whatl vaccinesl containl livel viruses?
Answer:
MMRV
intranasall influenza
Rotavirus
BCG
Smallpox
Orall typhoid
Q:l Whol cannotl receivel livel virusl vaccines?
Answer:
pregnantl &l immunocompromised
Q:l Livel attenuatedl virusl vaccinel FACTS
Answer:
1.l Givenl atl samel timel orl samel dayl orl 4l weeks
apartl orl protectivel titerl isl notl produced.
2.l Notl typicallyl givenl priorl tol 1l yearl old.
3.l MMRl andl MMRVl shouldl bel givenl tol someonel allergicl tol neomycin
, Q:l Whatl sidel effectsl canl occurl afterl receivingl live-virusl vaccine?
Answer:
Feverl andl rashl canl occur;l normall response
*Withl MMRl rashl mayl occur
1l weekl afterl vaccine
Q:l Menningococcall Vaccinel shouldl bel given:
Answer:
tol alll collegel freshmenl inl dorms
Q:l Flul vaccinesl startl at:
Answer:
agel 6l months.
Q:l Vaccinel validity
Answer:
Al vaccinel givenl 4l daysl priorl tol scheduledl dosel isl consideredl valid;l 5l daysl notl valid
Q:l Kawasakil Disease
Answer:
Patho:l anl acute,l self-limiting,l mucocutaneousl vasculitisl characterizedl byl thel infiltrationl
ofl vessell wallsl withl mononuclearl cellsl andl laterl byl IgAl secretingl plasmal cellsl thatl canl
resultl inl thel destructionl ofl thel tunical medial andl aneurysml formation.
Symptoms:l Fever,l conjunctivitis,l orall mucosall changes,l rash,l cervicall lymphadenopathy,l
peripherall extremityl changes.
Diagnostics:l ESRl &l CRPl elevated.l Meetsl 4l outl ofl 5:l (1)l 5l daysl highl fever,l (2)l
strawberryl tongue,l crackedl lips,l orall ulcers,l (3)l red,l edemal extremities,l (4)l
polymorphousl rash,l (5)l cervicall lymphadenopathyl (largerl thanl 1.5l cm,l usuallyl unilateral.l
CBC:l leukocytosisl withl neutrophilicl predominance,l anemia
