NTR 401 EXAM 2 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+ GRADED | WITH EXPERT
SOLUTIONS
nephron - (ANSWER)functional unit of the kidney
consists of glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal and distal tubules, & loop of Henley
osteoclasts - (ANSWER)cells in the bone that use HCl and proteases to dissolve bone mineral matrix
calcitriol - (ANSWER)1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol
stimulates Calbindin (Ca binding protein)
increases blood Ca levels from gut and bone
active metabolite of vit D
different from calcidiol
calcidiol - (ANSWER)excreted from liver when activated by vit D
marker for vit D status
vit D --> liver --> calcidiol --> kidney --> calcitriol --> small int --> increase serum Ca
closest way to measure change in serum Ca levels
regulated variable
phylloquinone - (ANSWER)the chemical from of vit K that is synthesized in plants
promotes the uptake of minerals - (ANSWER)lactose
, NTR 401 EXAM 2 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+ GRADED | WITH EXPERT
SOLUTIONS
oxalic acid, tannins, and phytate REDUCE mineral uptake
the pituitary hormone chiefly responsible for regulating the amount of water that is excreted by the
kidney in response to change in the osmotic pressure of the blood - (ANSWER)ADH: antidiuretic
hormone
increased dietary fiber can be associated with decreased serum chol levels because -
(ANSWER)enterohepatic recirculation of bile salts is reduced by the bile salts binding to the fiber
blood pH is affected/regulated by (3) - (ANSWER)1. removing CO2 from blood through lungs
2. excreting varying ratios of cations to anions into urine by the kidneys
3. buffering by protein and organic acids in the blood
NOT loss of excess moisture through the skin by perspiration
osteomalacia - (ANSWER)caused by low intake of vit D (NOT Ca)
adult form of rickets
passive transport of vit D from bone
characterized by a normal volume of bone that is poorly mineralized (same diameter, less dense)
osteoporosis - (ANSWER)caused by Calcium deficiency (NOT vitD)
thinning of bones
primary route for excretion of fat soluble compounds - (ANSWER)with bile from the liver
SOLUTIONS
nephron - (ANSWER)functional unit of the kidney
consists of glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal and distal tubules, & loop of Henley
osteoclasts - (ANSWER)cells in the bone that use HCl and proteases to dissolve bone mineral matrix
calcitriol - (ANSWER)1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol
stimulates Calbindin (Ca binding protein)
increases blood Ca levels from gut and bone
active metabolite of vit D
different from calcidiol
calcidiol - (ANSWER)excreted from liver when activated by vit D
marker for vit D status
vit D --> liver --> calcidiol --> kidney --> calcitriol --> small int --> increase serum Ca
closest way to measure change in serum Ca levels
regulated variable
phylloquinone - (ANSWER)the chemical from of vit K that is synthesized in plants
promotes the uptake of minerals - (ANSWER)lactose
, NTR 401 EXAM 2 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+ GRADED | WITH EXPERT
SOLUTIONS
oxalic acid, tannins, and phytate REDUCE mineral uptake
the pituitary hormone chiefly responsible for regulating the amount of water that is excreted by the
kidney in response to change in the osmotic pressure of the blood - (ANSWER)ADH: antidiuretic
hormone
increased dietary fiber can be associated with decreased serum chol levels because -
(ANSWER)enterohepatic recirculation of bile salts is reduced by the bile salts binding to the fiber
blood pH is affected/regulated by (3) - (ANSWER)1. removing CO2 from blood through lungs
2. excreting varying ratios of cations to anions into urine by the kidneys
3. buffering by protein and organic acids in the blood
NOT loss of excess moisture through the skin by perspiration
osteomalacia - (ANSWER)caused by low intake of vit D (NOT Ca)
adult form of rickets
passive transport of vit D from bone
characterized by a normal volume of bone that is poorly mineralized (same diameter, less dense)
osteoporosis - (ANSWER)caused by Calcium deficiency (NOT vitD)
thinning of bones
primary route for excretion of fat soluble compounds - (ANSWER)with bile from the liver
