chemical process safety actual exam questions and correct answers 100% verified.

occupational safety and health administration - correct answers OSHA natural institute for occupational safety and health - correct answers NIOSH chemical safety board - correct answers CSB center of chemical process safety - correct answers CCPS safety and chemical engineering education - correct answers SACheE american chemistry council - correct answers ACC american petroleum industry - correct answers API national fire protection agency - correct answers NFPA passed by congress to ensure work and workplace safety. goal is to make sure employers provide their workers a place of employment that is free from recognized hazards to safety and health - correct answers 1970 OSHA Act fire, toxic release, explosions - correct answers types of chemical plant accidents fire, explosion, toxic release - correct answers probability of occurrence of chemical plant accidents toxic release, explosion, fire - correct answers fatality potential of chemical plant accidents fire, explosion, toxic release - correct answers economic loss potential of chemical plant accidents 1. Initiation: event that starts the accident, 2. propagation: maintains and expands accident, 3. termination: stops or diminishes in size - correct answers accident process sara title III (emergency planning and community right to know), OSHA HAZWOPER (hazardous waste operations and emergency response), 1990 Clean air act amendements (prevents accidental releases, risk management plans, chemical safety board information), OSHA PSM (employee precipitation, process safety info, process hazardous analysis, operating procedures, training, contractors, prestart up safety review, mechanical integrity, not work permit, management of change, incident investigation, emergency planning and response, compliance, trade secrets) - correct answers 4 government regulations that are most relevant to process safety managment acc responsible care (management, technology, facitilites, personnel), AlChE (accountablity, risk management), OSHA PSM, American petroleum institute (process safety information, auditing of PHM systems) - correct answers Major PSM systems qualitative and quantitive study of how the adverse effects of toxicants on biological organisms - correct answers toxicology inhalation, skin exposure, puncture wound/injection, ingestion, through the eyes - correct answers 5 major routes toxins enter in the body short and usually reversible - correct answers acute toxicity long term and usually irreversible - correct answers chronic toxicity toxic in one area of the body - correct answers local toxicity toxic on entire body (CNS, cardiovascular) - correct answers systematic toxicity low dose exposure - correct answers graded chemical exposure possible fatal dose - correct answers quantum chemical exposure TLV-TWA (time weighted average, level at which a person can be exposed for up to 8hr/day for a lifetime without being exposed -- permissible exposure level PEL is OSHA equivalence), TLV-STEL (short term exposure limit, max concentration to which a worker can be exposed for up to 15 minutes continuously without suffering effects), TLV-C (ceiling, concentration that should not be exceeded - IDLH immediately dangerous to life of health OSHA equivalence) - correct answers threshold limit values a fixed temp above which adequate energy is available in the environment to provide an ignition source - correct answers autoignition temp (AIT) the flash point of a liquid is the lowest temp at which it gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air - correct answers flash point (FP) mixture will not burn when the comp is lower than the LFL bc the mixture is too lean for combustion - correct answers LFL mixture not combustible when the comp is too rich and above the UFL - correct answers UFL minimum ignition energy - minimum energy input required to initate combustion - correct answers MIE limiting oxygen concentration - point at which reaction is not exothermic enough to support combustion - correct answers LOC closed cup gives a lower temperature, open cup gives higher, closed is preferred for safety applications - correct answers open vs closed FP local ignition involves an ignition source such as spark, while bulk ignition involves reaching the AIT - correct answers local vs bulk LFL and UFL range increases with temperature - correct answers effect of temp on LFL and UFL pressure has little effect on the LFL except at very low pressures, where flames do not propagate. UFL increases as the pressure increases - correct answers effect of pressure on LFL and UFL, both below and above atmospheric pressure LFL is the fuel concentration in the vapor phase at the FP temp, which can be found using vapor pressure data - correct answers relationship between FP and LFL concentration below which mix is too lean to burn - correct answers LFL experimental concentration above which mix is too rich to burn - correct answers UFL experimental lowest temp corrected to a pressure of 760mmHg at which application of an ignition source results in the brief ignition of vapors above a liquid - correct answers FP experimental situation with the potential for an uncontrollable chemical reaction that can result directly or indirectly in serious harm to people, property and environment - correct answers chemical reactivity hazard design (chemical reacting in process to produce desired product) or accident (chemicals reacting by accident due to an upset in the process or loss of containment) - correct answers two chemical reactivity scenarios ammonia + methacrylic acid, caustic soda + epichlorhydrin, acids + bases - correct answers specific reactive chemical hazards chemical reactivity worksheet (provides info on hazards associated with specific chemicals, reactive groups by considering 5000 common chemicals and 43 different organic compounds) - correct answers CRW advanced reactive system screening tool, phi factor is the ratio of combined heat capacity in a sample container and the heat capacity of the sample. a low vale is desired because it means that most of the heat is absorbed by the sample and a small amount absorbed by the contained - correct answers ARRST and phi factor spontaneous combustion upon air exposure - correct answers pyrophoric spontaneous combustion upon mixing - correct answers hypergolic 1. accumulation and/or mischarge of reactants, 2. incorrect handling of catalysts 3. loss of agitation 4. cooling problems - correct answers runaway reactions and causes composed of the identification, evaluation, anticipation, and control of occupational hazards, whether chemical/physical/orgonmic - correct answers industrial hygiene manual materials handling work station design, slip, trip, fall hazards - correct answers ergonomics 1. anticipation (consider raw materials, intermediates, final products and maintenance controls). 2. identification (continuous monitoring is best) 3. evalution 4. control - correct answers phases in industrial hygiene 1. noise, 2. radiation, 3. ergonomic, 4. mechanical - correct answers physical hazards of industrial hygiene 0.2-5um small exhaled will be exhaled with air and large ones will not penetrate lungs - correct answers dust particles limit 90dB is the maximum noise level an individual can be exposed to in the work place without experiencing consquences - correct answers noise levels subsurface filling will result is less volatilization of material and therefore will result in lower exposure level of workers - correct answers subsurface vs. splash filling containment must not be highly toxic, must evolved at a constant rate, workers must be suitable distance from source, flow rates are commonly too high for using scrubbers - correct answers limitations of dilution ventilation advantages (material diluted prior to reaching ground, removes toxin from local area) disadvantages (toxic reaches ground downwind, pollutant being put into the atmosphere) - correct answers advantages and disadvantages of releasing toxic materials through a tall stack vs ground stock substitution, attenuation, isolation, intensification, enclosures, local ventilation, dilution ventilation - correct answers control of health hazards from an industrial hygiene perspective wind speed, atmospheric stability, ground conditions, height of release above ground level, momentum and buoyancy of the initial material released - correct answers parameters influencing atmospheric dispersion of toxic and /or flammable/explosive materials best to prevent accidents that can lead to releases, should be prepared for releases 1. detect release, 2. stop release as quick as possible, 3. involve mitigation procedure to reduce the impact of release on the surrounding - correct answers release mitigation to avoid reaching the AIT - correct answers why are interstage coolers needed when compressing hydrogen? describes the steady-state concentration of material released from a continuous source - correct answers plume model describes the temporal concentration of material from a single release of a fixed amount of material - correct answ