CCPS 393 exam questions and answers guaranteed pass

C - correct answers C Explain the difference between %d and %4d placeholders when printing - correct answers %4d reserves 4 spaces and right aligns the text, e.g 4285 6 but %d would just be centered write the commands to read a string from input and print it out. Assume a macro is define with max size SZ - correct answers char s[SZ]; printf("Enter a string with max size %d: ", SZ); fgets(s, SZ, stdin); s[strlen(s) - 1] = '0'; printf("You entered: %s n", s); Write the "cookbook" steps to reading/writing from a file - correct answers declare file pointers: FILE* in; FILE* out; initialize pointers: in=fopen("filename", "r"); out=fopen("filename", "w"); actions: fscanf(in, "placeholder", &variable); fprintf(out, "placeholder", variable); close files: fclose(in); fclose(out); write the general syntax for a switch statement - correct answers switch (variable) { case (cond1): action1; break; case (cond2): case (cond3): action2; break; } fill in the blanks: void swap (int *a, int *b) { int temp; temp=____; // set to variable pointed to by a ____ = ____; // set variable pointed to by a to the one pointed to by b ____ = temp; // set the variable pointed to by b } int main() { int a=5, b=7; swap( ____, ____); // a is now 7, b is now 5 return 0; } - correct answers *a *a = *b *b swap(&a, &b) write out the general format for a makefile - correct answers targetfile : dependenciesfiles action (gcc ...) targetfile2 : dependeciesfiles2 action ... and so on the executable show_face depends on object files show_face.o and face.o show_face.o depends on the source file show_face.c face.o depends on the source file face.c write the makefile - correct answers show_face : show_face.o face.o gcc show_face.o face.o -o show_face show_face.o : show_face.c gcc -c show_face.c face.o : face.c gcc -c face.c clean: rm *.o suppose you have a source file powers.c which contains the following functions: int square (int n) {...} int cube (int n) {...} int quartic (int n) {...} write the header file powers.h for these functions - correct answers int square(int); int cube(int); int quartic(int); Adding on to the previous question, you now have powers.h and powers.c. Assume your main function is in the file power_table.c, which calls the functions from powers.c. What will you include at the top other than what is usually included? write out the makefile to compile an executable power_table which depends on power_table.o and powers.o (include -lm for math). What does power_table.o depend on? What about powers.o? Include the clean command - correct answers #include "powers.h" power_table : power_table.o powers.o gcc power_table.o power.o -lm -o power_table power_table.o : power_table.c powers.h gcc -c power_table.c powers.o : powers.c powers.h gcc -c powers.c clean: rm *.o write the general structure of a for loop to read from a file. Assume the file pointer is already initiated and the file is open - correct answers for (condition) { fscanf(file_ptr, "placeholder", &storagevariable); // other actions } assume you are reading an unknown amount of lines from a file. write the general structure of a while loop to do so. Assume the file pointer and all necessary variables are initiated. - correct answers status=fscanf(file_ptr, "placeholder", &storagevariable); while (status != EOF) { // action status=fscanf(file_ptr, "placeholder", &storagevariable); } write a while loop to check if EOF is reached while reading line by line from a file - correct answers fscanf(file_ptr, "placeholder", &storagevariable) while (!(feof (file_ptr)) { fscanf(file_ptr, "placeholder", &storagevariable) } 5 'rules' for arrays: 1) size must be specified... 2) size ____ be changed 3) uninitialized arrays contain ____ 4) ____ bulk assignments 5) name of the array without [] is its ____ - correct answers at decleration cannot garbage no starting address write the general structure of a loop to iterate over an array. Assume size is predefined as SZ - correct answers for (int i=0; iSZ; i++) { arr[i]=whatever; // OR something=arr[i]; } declare an array of chars that contains the name "Amy". Be mindful of the amount of characters - correct answers char name[4] = "Amy"; include a 4th for the null character How do you use strcpy? - correct answers copy a string to another strcpy(destination, source); How do you use strncpy? - correct answers copy part of a string to another strncpy(destination, source, size_to_copy); write the declaration for the main where you will be accepting and keeping track of command line arguments. How would you verify that at least 1 command line argument was provided? What function would you use to convert the first command line argument to an integer? - correct answers int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { int n; if (argc 2) { // verify at least 1 command line arg .... n=atoi(argv[1]); } } What's the general structure for a struct in C? - correct answers typedef struct { type var1; type var2; typ2 var3; ... } struct_name; OR struct struct_name { type var1; type var2; ... }; How do you access a structs parameter? For example, how would you print the name of a variable planet which is of type planets_t? - correct answers bute printf("%s", ); How would you create a new planets_t object named planet1 with name Earth, diameter 1000, 1 moon, orbit 1.0 and rotation 24.0 in that order? - correct answers planets_t planet1={"Earth", 1000, 1, 1.0, 24.0}; suppose variable solarsystem is of type solar_systems_t and one of its attributes is an array of planets (type planets_t) called the_planets. How would you access the 3rd planet in that array? - correct answers planets_t newplanet = _planets[2]; how do you access the variable of a structure when using a pointer? For example, assume pointer pp points to a cartesian coordinate and you want to get the value of y - correct answers pointer-attribute printf("%d", pp-y); How would you keep reading from stdin until you've read all the inputs, with a maximum number of inputs MAXSIZE? Assume all floating point numbers and keep track of the size - correct answers double array[MAXSIZE]; int size=0, i; while (sizeMAXSIZE && scanf("%lf", &array[size]) != EOF) { size++; } C++ - correct answers C++ When you plan on using vectors, what should you include in your program? - correct answers #include vector How do you declare a vector? - correct answers vectordataType vectorName(numElements); How do you access elements at certain positions of a vector? For example, print out the 2nd element of a vector items - correct answers cout (1); How would you iterate over a vector? - correct answers for (int i=0; i(); i++) { // actions } How do you change the size of a vector? - correct answers e(newSize); how do you add an element to the back of a vector? - correct answers _back(newElement); what does () do? - correct answers returns the last element in the vector without altering anything what does _back() do? - correct answers removes the last element of the vector. It returns nothing How would you access an element in an array vs a vector? - correct answers myArr[i] vs myV(i) suppose the following: int arrayList[5]; vectorint vectorList(5); does arrayList[6] cause an error? does vectorL(6) cause an error? - correct answers No, and it wouldn't either for vectors i.e vectorList[6] yes What's the general structure for a function? - correct answers returnType funcName (argumentType argument) { // actions return whatever; } write a function declaration StrFunc which takes in a C string as argument called modString. Assume the function returns nothing - correct answers void StrFunc(char modString[]) { // actions } True or False + explain: Passing a C string to a function creates a copy of that string within the function - correct answers False. A pointer to the string is automatically passed, hence the original string is modified When does the scope of a variable within a function start and end? - correct answers after its declaration until its end What's the general structure for a class? - correct answers class ClassName { public: // insert public members and functions private: // insert private members and functions }; What's the general structure for a function within a class? - correct answers returnType ClassName::FuncName(args) { // actions } Can a non-const member function call a const member function? - correct answers No, it must also be const What's the general structure for a default constructor? - correct answers ClassName::ClassName() { var1="default1"; var2=0; // or whatever default is }; How would you overload the constructor? - correct answers Create a constructor of the same name but with different arguments How would you define an operator overload? use + as an example - correct answers ClassName ClassName::operator+(ClassName RHS) { ClassName total; // define new obj bute1=attribute1 + RHS.attribute1; bute2=attribute2 + RHS.attribute2; ... return total; } How would you define a pointer to an object of a class? How would you access its attribute? How would you call its member function? - correct answers ClassName* varPointer = new ClassName(var1, var2...); varPointer-attribute; varPointer-func(); Explain what deleting a pointer does i.e delete varPointer; Can we dereference i.e *varPointer after deletion? - correct answers It deallocates the memory block that varPointer points to (but does not make it null). If varPointer=nullptr, there is no effect. No, it will cause errors What's the general structure for a destructor? - correct answers ClassName::~ClassName() { // actions } Write a destructor for a linked list class called FrogsList which is made up of FrogNode objects - correct answers FrogsList::~FrogsList() { while (head) { FrogNode* next = head-next; delete head; head = next; } What's the general structure for a copy constructor when the data object is a pointer? What's the general structure for a copy constructor when the data object is not a pointer? - correct answers ClassName::ClassName(const ClassName& origObject) { dataobject = new type; *dataobject=*(origObject); } ClassName::ClassName(const ClassName& origObject) { dataobject=origObject; } When an object with an int sub-object is passed by value to a function, is there an error? How about with an int* sub-object? - correct answers no error - local copy is destructed only error - causes crash since destructor is called twice Consider the number n 12.34. What would cout fixed n print it out as? - correct answers 12.340000 When you use setprecision() and fixed togethe