Test Bank For Health Promotion Throughout The Life Span 9th Editions Authors; Carole Edelman ,Elizabeth kudzma Questions With Marking Scheme

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which model of health is most likely used by a person who does not believe in preventive health care? a. Clinical model b. Role performance model c. Adaptive model d. Eudaimonistic model ANS: A The clinical model of health views the absence of signs and symptoms of disease as indicative of health. People who use this model wait until they are very sick to seek care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 3 2. A person with chronic back pain is cared for by her primary care provider as well as receives acupuncture. Which model of health does this person likely favor? a. Clinical model b. Role performance model c. Adaptive model d. Eudaimonistic model ANS: D The eudaimonistic model embodies the interaction and interrelationships among physical, social, psychological, and spiritual aspects of life and the environment in goal attainment and creating meaning in life. Practitioners who practice the clinical model may not be enough for someone who believes in the eudaimonistic model. Those who believe in the eudaimonistic model often look for alternative providers of care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 3 3. A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person’s potential and is experienced within a developmental context is known as: a. growth and development. b. health. c. functioning. d. high-level wellness. ANS: B Health is defined as a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person’s potential and is experienced within a developmental context. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 5 4. Which of the following best describes a client who has an illness? a. Someone who has well-controlled diabetes b. Someone with hypercholesterolemia c. Someone with a headache d. Someone with coronary artery disease without angina ANS: C Someone with a headache represents a person with an illness. An illness is made up of the subjective experience of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease. It can be described as a response characterized by a mismatch between a person’s needs and the resources available to meet those needs. A person can have a disease without feeling ill. The other choices represent disease. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 6 5. Which US report is considered a landmark document in creating a global approach to health? a. The 1990 Health Objectives for the Nation: A Midcourse Review b. Healthy People 2020 c. Healthy People 2000 d. The U.S. Surgeon General Report ANS: C Healthy People 2000 and its Midcourse Review and 1995 Revisions were landmark documents in which a consortium of people representing national organizations worked with US Public Health Service officials to create a more global approach to health. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 6 6. Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention? a. Informational session about healthy lifestyles b. Blood pressure screening c. Interventional cardiac catheterization d. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization ANS: A Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction. It includes health promotion and specific protection and encourages increased awareness; thus, education about healthy lifestyles fits this definition. Blood pressure screening does not prevent disease, but instead identifies it. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 11 7. Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention? a. Self–breast examination education b. Yearly mammograms c. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer d. Complete mastectomy for breast cancer ANS: B Screening is secondary prevention because the principal goal of screenings is to identify individuals in an early, detectable stage of the disease process. A mammogram is a screening tool for breast cancer and thus is considered a method of secondary prevention. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 15 8. Which of the following represents a method of tertiary prevention? a. Drunk driving campaign b. Road blocks for drunk driving c. Emergency surgery for head trauma after a motor vehicle accident d. Physical and occupational therapy after a motor vehicle accident with head trauma ANS: D Physical therapy and occupational therapy are considered tertiary prevention. Tertiary prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the effect of disease and disability. The objective of tertiary prevention is to maximize remaining capacities. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 15 9. In reviewing a person’s medical claims, a nurse realizes that the individual with moderate persistent asthma has had several emergency department visits and is not on inhaled steroids as recommended by the NHLBI asthma management guidelines. The nurse discusses this with the person’s primary care provider. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n): a. advocate. b. care manager. c. consultant. d. educator. ANS: B Care managers act to prevent duplication of service and reduce cost. Care managers base recommendation on reliable data sources such as evidence-based practices and protocols. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 15 10. During a home visit, a nurse assists an individual to complete an application for disability services. The nurse is acting as a(n): a. advocate. b. care manager. c. consultant. d. educator. ANS: A The advocacy role of the nurse helps individuals obtain what they are entitled to receive from the health care system, tries to make the system more responsive to individuals’ community needs, and assists individuals in developing skills to advocate for themselves. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 15 11. During a home visit, a nurse discusses the dangers of smoking with an individual. In this scenario the nurse is acting as a(n): a. advocate. b. care manager. c. consultant. d. educator. ANS: D Health education is a primary prevention technique available to avoid major causes of disease. Teaching can range from a chance remark to a planned lesson. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 16 12. A nurse is asked to provide an expert opinion about the development of an education program for newly diagnosed diabetics. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n): a. advocate. b. care manager. c. consultant. d. educator. ANS: C Nurses with a specialized area of expertise provide education about health promotion and disease prevention to individuals and groups as consultants. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 16 13. A nurse is planning to deliver an educational program to individuals with diabetes. Which of the following should be the initial action taken by the nurse to ensure the success of the program? a. Assess the motivation level of the individuals b. Assess the knowledge level of the individuals c. Establish teacher-learner goals with the individuals d. Establish multiple teaching sessions with the individuals ANS: B Selection of the methods most likely to succeed involves the establishment of teacher-learner goals. Thus, the first step by the nurse should be establishment of goals. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 16 14. The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individuals is known as: a. health-related quality of life. b. evidence-based practice. c. a Healthy People 2010 goal. d. the ecological model of health. ANS: B Evidence-based practice is defined as the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individuals. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 16 15. Which research methodology should be used to address the question, “What is the difference in the infection rates between individuals who receive twice-a-day dressing changes versus once-a-day dressing changes?” a. Evidence-based practice research b. Qualitative research c. Quantitative research d. Clinical judgment research ANS: C Quantitative research studies describe situations, correlate different variables related to care, or test causal relationships among variables related to care. Evidence-based practice research and clinical judgment research are not research methodologies; they are used to answer clinical questions. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 16 16. The question, “What is the experience of teenagers who lose a sibling to cancer?” can best be answered by using which research methodology? a. Evidence-based practice research b. Qualitative research c. Quantitative research d. Clinical judgment research ANS: B Qualitative fresearch fstudies fdescribe fphenomena for fdefine fthe fhistorical fnature, fcultural frelevance, for fphilosophical fbasis fof faspects fof fnursing fcare. fEvidence-based fpractice fresearch fand fclinical fjudgment fresearch fare fnot fresearch fmethodologies; fthey fare fused fto fanswer fclinical fquestions. DIF: Cognitive fLevel: fApply f(Application) REF: p. f16 17. A fnurse fwho fuses ffindings ffrom fa frandomized, fcontrolled ftrial fon fthe fcare fof fFoley fcatheters fto fchange fpractice fat fan finstitution fis fpracticing: a. evidence-based fmedicine. b. qualitative fresearch. c. quantitative fresearch. d. clinical fjudgment. ANS: f A The fpractice fof fevidence-based fmedicine fmeans fintegrating findividual fclinical fexpertise fwith fthe fbest favailable fexternal fclinical fevidence ffrom fsystematic fresearch. DIF: Cognitive fLevel: fApply f(Application) REF: p. f16 18. Which fof fthe ffollowing fis fmost finfluenced fby fthe fsocial fand feconomic fenvironment fof fa fcommunity? a. Social fhealth fpolicies b. Quality fof fcare c. Evidence-based fpractice d. Practice fguidelines ANS: f A Social fpolicies fconcerning fhealth fare finfluenced fby fthe fsocial fand feconomic fenvironment fof fa fpopulation. fAnalysis fof fpopulation ftrends fand fprojections fis fnecessary fto fhelp fhealth fprofessionals fdetermine fchanging fneeds. DIF: Cognitive fLevel: fRemember f(Knowledge) REF: p. f17 19. A fmajor fcause fof fdeath fin fthe fearly ftwentieth fcentury fwas: a. cancer. b. cerebrovascular fdisease. c. heart fdisease. d. infections. ANS: fD Infections fand facute fdisease fwere fthe fmajor fcauses fof fdeath fin fthe fearly fpart fof fthe ftwentieth fcentury. fDIF: Cognitive fLevel: fRemember f(Knowledge) REF: p. f17 20. A fmainstay fof ftherapy ffor fthe fmanagement fof fchronic fdiseases fis: a. lifestyle fchanges. b. occupational fand fphysical ftherapy. c. medications. d. surgery. ANS: f A The fapplication fof fcomplex ftechnology fis fnot fonly fcostly fbut fcontributes fminimally fto fimprovement fof fhealth. fOne fneeds fto ffocus fon fthe fcause fof fdisease. fThe fneeds fof fa fperson fwith fchronic fdisease fare frelated fto fand faffected fby fthe findividual’s fbiochemical ffunctioning, fgenetics, fenvironment, fand fpersonal fchoices. DIF: Cognitive fLevel: fApply f(Application) REF: p. f17 21. Which fof fthe ffollowing fdemonstrates fa fnurse ftaking faction fto fpromote fhealth fand fprevent fdisease? a. Making fa fhome fvisit fto fa fperson fwho fis frecovering ffrom fa fheart fattack b. Administering fmedications fto fa fcardiac fclient fin fthe fhospital c. Providing fcardiopulmonary fresuscitation fduring fa fheart fattack d. Educating fa fperson fabout fthe fadvantages fof fa fheart-healthy fdiet fduring fa fhome fvisit ANS: fD Solutions ffor fhealth fpromotion fare ffocused fon findividual fand fgovernment finvolvement. fTo fpromote fhealth fand fwellness, fan femphasis fmust fbe fplaced fon fprimary fprevention. fThis fis foften frelated fto factions fsuch fas