Exam (elaborations) NURS 2092

Critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and clinical judgment Chapter 1 What is critical thinking? - In nursing, critical thinking for clinical decision-making is the ability to think in a systematic and logical manner with openness to question and reflect on the reasoning process used to ensure safe nursing practice and quality care What is all included in the nursing process? - Think of examples for the nursing process. - Chapter 2 What are some strategies for learning preferences? - Verbal/written, auditory/oral, visual/graphic, kinesthetic/tactile concrete, active/reflective Think of examples of different learning preferences. - Verbal/written: writing notes on flashcards, speaking the material out loud - Auditory/oral: recording yourself and listening to it - Visual/Graphic: drawing pictures, graphs, and charts - Kinesthetic/tactile concrete: learn through sight, smell, movement, touch, and color - Active/reflective: processing information ‘on the go’ Chapter 3 What does the Benner model consist of? - Her model has also been relevant for ethical development of nurses since perception of ethical issues is also dependent on the nurses' level of expertise. This model has been applied to several disciplines beyond clinical nursing, and understanding the five stages of clinical competence helps nurses support one another and appreciate that expertise in any field is a process learned over time Know each of the levels and examples. Stage 1 Novice: This would be a nursing student in his or her first year of clinical education; behavior in the clinical setting is very limited and inflexible. Novices have a very limited ability to predict what might happen in a particular patient situation. Signs and symptoms, such as change in mental status, can only be recognized after a novice nurse has had experience with patients with similar symptoms. Stage 2 Advanced Beginner: Those are the new grads in their first jobs; nurses have had more experiences that enable them to recognize recurrent, meaningful components of a situation. They have the knowledge and the know-how but not enough in-depth experience. Stage 3 Competent: These nurses lack the speed and flexibility of proficient nurses, but they have some mastery and can rely on advance planning and organizational skills. Competent nurses recognize patterns and nature of clinical situations more quickly and accurately than advanced beginners. Stage 4 Proficient: At this level, nurses are capable to see situations as "wholes" rather than parts. Proficient nurses learn from experience ............................CONT.............................................................