omplex Medical-Surgical Nursing Exam 1 – Correct Answers Only Study Guide

Acid jBase jchapter j- jcorrect janswer-info jcard

acid-base jbalance jw/ jassociated jconditions j- jcorrect janswer-severe jpneumonia- jrespiratory
jacidosis


drug jOD- jresp jacidosis

pulm jembolism- jresp jacidosis

Emphysema- jresp. jacidosis

Hyperventilating- jrespiratory jalkalosis

Rapid, jshallow jbreathing jat ja jrate jof j32 jbreaths/minute- jrespiratory jalkalosis

fever- jresp jalkalosis

fear/anxiety- jresp jalkalosis

Suctioning- jmetab. jalkalosis

Diarrhea-metabolic jacidosis

acid-base jbalance jw/ jassociated jconditions jcont. j- jcorrect janswer-METAB jACIDOSIS
Starvation
DKA
Lactic jacidosis j(shock)
renal jfailure
pancreatic/renal jdisease

METAB jALKALOSIS
antacids

, diuretics
vomiting
NGT jsuctioning

Resp jAcidosis jmain jcause j- jcorrect janswer-hypoventilation
chest jexpansion

Resp jAlkalosis jmain jcause j- jcorrect janswer-hyperventilation

Lungs jcan jexpel jCO2 jby j- jcorrect janswer-increasing jrespirations j(think jCOPD jand jpursed
jlip jbreathing)


Lungs jcan jretain jCO2 jby j- jcorrect janswer-decreasing jor jsuppressing jrespirations j(Think
jabout japnea jor jagonal jbreathing)


COPD jpt's jwill jhave jhigher jRBCs jand jhigher j____ j- jcorrect janswer-Hgb

If jPaO2 jis jless jthan j80 jthen j- jcorrect janswer-hypoxemia joccurs
(normal j80-100)

*For jelderly= j70 jis jnormal

without jcompensation j- jcorrect janswer-pH jis jnot jWNL
CO2 jis jnormal
HCO3 jis jacidic

partial jcompensation j- jcorrect janswer-pH, jCO2, jand jHCO3 jare jall joff

Full jcompensation j- jcorrect janswer-pH jis jnormal, jpCO2 jand jHCO3 jare jabnormal

S/S jof jmetabolic jacidosis j- jcorrect janswer-*Kussmaul jrespirations j(deep j& jfast)* jto
jattempt jto jexhale jthe jexcess jCO2.
*pH j<7.35 jAND jHCO3- j< j22 jmEq/L*
Headache
Nausea, jvomiting, j*diarrhea*
*Fruity-smelling jbreath* jresulting jfrom jimproper jfat jmetabolism
CNS jdepression: jmental jdullness, jdrowsiness, jstupor, jcoma
*Hypotension*
Hyperkalemia

Interventions jfor jmetabolic jacidosis j- jcorrect janswer-Hydration
Drug jtherapy
Insulin jto jtreat jDKA
Antidiarrheals
Bicarbonate j(only jwith jlow jserum jlevel)

S/S jof jmetabolic jalkalosis j- jcorrect janswer-headache, jirritability, jlethargy, jchanges jin
jlvevel jon jconsciousness, jconfusion, jchanges jin jheart jrate, jslow jshallow jresp. jwith jperiods
jof japnea; jnausea j& jvomiting, jhyperactive jreflexes jand jnumbness jof jextremities.