The bexpectoration bof bblood bfrom brespiratory btract. b- bcorrect banswer-Hemoptysis
Aspiration bof bair band bfluid bfrom bpleural bspace
Performed bfor bdiagnostic bor btherapeutic bpurposes b- bcorrect banswer-thoracentesis
Decrease bin barterial boxygen btension bin bblood. bManifested bby bchanges bin bmental bstatus,
bdyspnea, bincrease bin bBP, bchanges bin bHR, bdysrhythmias, bcentral bcyanosis, bdiaphoresis,
bcool bextremities
usually bleads bto bhypoxia b- bcorrect banswer-hypoxemia
Decrease bin bO2 bsupply bto btissues band bcells. b- bcorrect banswer-hypoxia
ABG's bassess b________ band b_____ b_____ b_______ b- bcorrect banswer-oxygenation, bacid-
base bbalance
Lungs bcan bexpel bCO2 bby b____ bventilation b- bcorrect banswer-increasing
Lungs bcan bretain bCO2 bby b_____ bventilation b- bcorrect banswer-decreasing
, For bthe belderly bbetween b60-70 by/o bthe bPaO2 bdecreases b1 bmmHg bevery byear buntil
bnormal bon bPaO2 bon bRA bis b_____ band bis ba bnormal bsign bof baging. b- bcorrect banswer-70
With brespiratory bacidosis, bthe bbody bexcretes b___ band bretains b___ b- bcorrect banswer-H+,
bHCO3-
With brespiratory balkalosis, bthe bbody bretains b___ band bexcretes b___ b- bcorrect banswer-H+,
bHCO3-
With bmetabolic bacidosis, bthe bbody bexcretes b___ band b___ b- bcorrect banswer-CO2 band
bH20
With bmetabolic balkalosis, bthe bbody bretains b___ band b___ b- bcorrect banswer-CO2 band
bH20
Normal bbase bexcess/deficit b- bcorrect banswer--2 bto b+2
Base bexcess b>+2 b- bcorrect banswer-too bmuch b(ex. bloss bof bgastric bfluids)
Base bdeficit b<-2 b- bcorrect banswer-lactic bacid bproblem bor bDKA
Causes bassociated bwith bRespiratory bAcidosis b(HYPOventilation) b- bcorrect banswer--
decreased balveolar-capillary bdiffusion bof bgases b(PE, bPNA, bCAL)
-decreased bchest bexpansion b(burn, babd bbinder)
-airway bobstruction b(foreign bbody, btumor)
-resp bdepression b(anesthesia, bopioids)
Interventions bfor bRespiratory bAcidosis b(HYPOventilation) b- bcorrect banswer-TREAT
bSYMPTOM bNOT bCAUSE
-intubate/ventilator
-give bmeds b(bronchodilators)
If bPE=anticoag btherapy
if bburn=escharotomy
if bforeign bbody=heimlich
tumor=could bbe bgrowing binto blumen bof bbronchi
opioids=give bantagonist
Causes bassociated bwith bRespiratory bAlkalosis b(HYPERventilation) b- bcorrect banswer--fear
b(assess bwhat bis bcausing bit)
-febrile b(try bto bbring bdown btemp)
-anxiety b(breathe bin bpaper bbag)
Causes bassociated bwith bMetabolic bAcidosis b- bcorrect banswer--Increased bH+ bproduction
b(DKA, bstarvation, blactic bacidosis)
-Decreased bH+ belimination b(renal bfailure)
-Decreased bHCO3- bproduction b(pancreatic bdisease, brenal bfailure)
-Increased bHCO3- belimination b(diarrhea)
Aspiration bof bair band bfluid bfrom bpleural bspace
Performed bfor bdiagnostic bor btherapeutic bpurposes b- bcorrect banswer-thoracentesis
Decrease bin barterial boxygen btension bin bblood. bManifested bby bchanges bin bmental bstatus,
bdyspnea, bincrease bin bBP, bchanges bin bHR, bdysrhythmias, bcentral bcyanosis, bdiaphoresis,
bcool bextremities
usually bleads bto bhypoxia b- bcorrect banswer-hypoxemia
Decrease bin bO2 bsupply bto btissues band bcells. b- bcorrect banswer-hypoxia
ABG's bassess b________ band b_____ b_____ b_______ b- bcorrect banswer-oxygenation, bacid-
base bbalance
Lungs bcan bexpel bCO2 bby b____ bventilation b- bcorrect banswer-increasing
Lungs bcan bretain bCO2 bby b_____ bventilation b- bcorrect banswer-decreasing
, For bthe belderly bbetween b60-70 by/o bthe bPaO2 bdecreases b1 bmmHg bevery byear buntil
bnormal bon bPaO2 bon bRA bis b_____ band bis ba bnormal bsign bof baging. b- bcorrect banswer-70
With brespiratory bacidosis, bthe bbody bexcretes b___ band bretains b___ b- bcorrect banswer-H+,
bHCO3-
With brespiratory balkalosis, bthe bbody bretains b___ band bexcretes b___ b- bcorrect banswer-H+,
bHCO3-
With bmetabolic bacidosis, bthe bbody bexcretes b___ band b___ b- bcorrect banswer-CO2 band
bH20
With bmetabolic balkalosis, bthe bbody bretains b___ band b___ b- bcorrect banswer-CO2 band
bH20
Normal bbase bexcess/deficit b- bcorrect banswer--2 bto b+2
Base bexcess b>+2 b- bcorrect banswer-too bmuch b(ex. bloss bof bgastric bfluids)
Base bdeficit b<-2 b- bcorrect banswer-lactic bacid bproblem bor bDKA
Causes bassociated bwith bRespiratory bAcidosis b(HYPOventilation) b- bcorrect banswer--
decreased balveolar-capillary bdiffusion bof bgases b(PE, bPNA, bCAL)
-decreased bchest bexpansion b(burn, babd bbinder)
-airway bobstruction b(foreign bbody, btumor)
-resp bdepression b(anesthesia, bopioids)
Interventions bfor bRespiratory bAcidosis b(HYPOventilation) b- bcorrect banswer-TREAT
bSYMPTOM bNOT bCAUSE
-intubate/ventilator
-give bmeds b(bronchodilators)
If bPE=anticoag btherapy
if bburn=escharotomy
if bforeign bbody=heimlich
tumor=could bbe bgrowing binto blumen bof bbronchi
opioids=give bantagonist
Causes bassociated bwith bRespiratory bAlkalosis b(HYPERventilation) b- bcorrect banswer--fear
b(assess bwhat bis bcausing bit)
-febrile b(try bto bbring bdown btemp)
-anxiety b(breathe bin bpaper bbag)
Causes bassociated bwith bMetabolic bAcidosis b- bcorrect banswer--Increased bH+ bproduction
b(DKA, bstarvation, blactic bacidosis)
-Decreased bH+ belimination b(renal bfailure)
-Decreased bHCO3- bproduction b(pancreatic bdisease, brenal bfailure)
-Increased bHCO3- belimination b(diarrhea)
