NR507/ NR 507 Midterm Exam (Latest 2026/ 2027
Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Complete Guide with
Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A –
Chamberlain
Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions - ANS✔✔--- Are NOT organ specific
- antigen-antibody complex deposited in tissues
Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction examples - ANS✔✔--Rheumatoid Arthritis
Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)
Scope of Damage of SLE - ANS✔✔--- Facial rash confined to the cheeks (malar
rash)
- Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
- photosensitivity (development of skin rash as a results of sunlight exposure)
- oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
- hematologic disorders (hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, or
thrombocytopenia)
- immunologic disorders (antibodies against double-stranded DNA or Smith
antigen, false positive serologic tests for syphilis, or antiphospholipid antibodies)
- Non-erosive arthritis of at least 2 peripheral joints
- Serositis (pleurisy, pericarditis)
- renal disorder (persistent proteinuria of > 0.5 g/day or > 3 g/day on dipstick of
cellular casts)
- neurological disorders (seizures, psychosis)
,- presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Autoimmune diseases can be - ANS✔✔--Familial although not all develop the
same disease, but several members may have different disorders characterized by a
variety of hypersensitivity reactions
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a
variety of - ANS✔✔--Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-
MHC genes
Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of - ANS✔✔--Type 4 hypersensitivity
reaction
Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of the innate immune
system? (Appear first in any immune response) - ANS✔✔--Neutrophils
Hives (Urticaria) are an example of a - ANS✔✔--Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Type 2 (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by: - ANS✔✔--IgG or
IgM
Anaphylaxis is a - ANS✔✔--Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by - ANS✔✔--IgE and mast cells
Example of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction - ANS✔✔--Hay fever
, Most dangerous form of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction - ANS✔✔--Anaphylactic
reaction systemic response causing hypotension and severe bronchoconstriction
Local symptoms of Type 1 hypersensitivity - ANS✔✔--Itching, rash
Systemic symptoms of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction - ANS✔✔--Wheezing
Main treatment of anaphylaxis - ANS✔✔--Epinephrine
Example of Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction - ANS✔✔--ABO incompatibility
Graves Disease (hyperthyroidism)
Primary effector cells involved in Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions - ANS✔✔--
Macrophages
Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions - ANS✔✔---Tissue specific
-Can cause tissue damage or alter function
Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by - ANS✔✔--Caused by cytotoxic
T cells attacking tissue directly (no antibody)
Which of the following is the underlying pathology for hay fever? - ANS✔✔--
Mast cell degranulation
Damage occurs with ABO incompatibility because - ANS✔✔--Complement
damages RBC membrane causing RBC lysis
Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Complete Guide with
Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A –
Chamberlain
Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions - ANS✔✔--- Are NOT organ specific
- antigen-antibody complex deposited in tissues
Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction examples - ANS✔✔--Rheumatoid Arthritis
Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)
Scope of Damage of SLE - ANS✔✔--- Facial rash confined to the cheeks (malar
rash)
- Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
- photosensitivity (development of skin rash as a results of sunlight exposure)
- oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
- hematologic disorders (hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, or
thrombocytopenia)
- immunologic disorders (antibodies against double-stranded DNA or Smith
antigen, false positive serologic tests for syphilis, or antiphospholipid antibodies)
- Non-erosive arthritis of at least 2 peripheral joints
- Serositis (pleurisy, pericarditis)
- renal disorder (persistent proteinuria of > 0.5 g/day or > 3 g/day on dipstick of
cellular casts)
- neurological disorders (seizures, psychosis)
,- presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Autoimmune diseases can be - ANS✔✔--Familial although not all develop the
same disease, but several members may have different disorders characterized by a
variety of hypersensitivity reactions
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a
variety of - ANS✔✔--Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-
MHC genes
Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of - ANS✔✔--Type 4 hypersensitivity
reaction
Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of the innate immune
system? (Appear first in any immune response) - ANS✔✔--Neutrophils
Hives (Urticaria) are an example of a - ANS✔✔--Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Type 2 (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by: - ANS✔✔--IgG or
IgM
Anaphylaxis is a - ANS✔✔--Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by - ANS✔✔--IgE and mast cells
Example of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction - ANS✔✔--Hay fever
, Most dangerous form of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction - ANS✔✔--Anaphylactic
reaction systemic response causing hypotension and severe bronchoconstriction
Local symptoms of Type 1 hypersensitivity - ANS✔✔--Itching, rash
Systemic symptoms of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction - ANS✔✔--Wheezing
Main treatment of anaphylaxis - ANS✔✔--Epinephrine
Example of Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction - ANS✔✔--ABO incompatibility
Graves Disease (hyperthyroidism)
Primary effector cells involved in Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions - ANS✔✔--
Macrophages
Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions - ANS✔✔---Tissue specific
-Can cause tissue damage or alter function
Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by - ANS✔✔--Caused by cytotoxic
T cells attacking tissue directly (no antibody)
Which of the following is the underlying pathology for hay fever? - ANS✔✔--
Mast cell degranulation
Damage occurs with ABO incompatibility because - ANS✔✔--Complement
damages RBC membrane causing RBC lysis
