Microbiology & Cellular Biology Exam 4 : Prokaryotes (Bacillus, Clostridium,
Mycoplasma, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Corynebacterium,
Mycobacterium, Proteobacteria Classes Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon,
Spirochetes, Chlamydia, Bacteroides), Archaea (Extremophiles, Methanogens),
Reproduction (Binary Fission, Budding, Snapping Division, Viviparity,
Sporulation, Endospores), Eukaryotic Microorganisms (Protozoa, Fungi, Algae,
Water & Slime Molds), Protozoa Groups (Parabasalids, Diplomonads,
Euglenozoa, Alveolates – Ciliates, Apicomplexans, Dinoflagellates, Amoebozoa),
Fungal Taxonomy (Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Yeasts, Molds,
Dimorphic Fungi, Pseudohyphae, Haustoria), Cell Division (Mitosis, Meiosis,
Cytokinesis, Tetrads, Buds, Microfilaments, Cell Plates), Pathogens & Disease
(Anthrax, Listeriosis, Malaria, Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis, Sleeping Sickness,
Leishmaniasis), Vectors (Arthropods, Insects, Arachnida), Microbial Physiology
(Chemoheterotrophs, Photoautotrophs, Haploid/Diploid Nuclei, Macronucleus,
Micronucleus), Immune Interaction & Host Colonization Exam Questions Verified
and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
prokaryote
most diverse group of cellular microbes
-thrive in various habitats
-only a few are capable of colonizing humans and causing disease
,endospore
produced by gram-positive bacteria bacillus & clostridium
-each vegetative cell transforms into one endospore through sporulation
-defensive against unfavorable, harsh conditions
prokaryote reproduction
all reproduce asexually
-binary fission (most common)
-snapping division
-budding & spore formation
binary fission
separation occurs through development of a septum -> splits the cell in 2
-2 daughter cells form as a result
-DNA is located in the nucleoid region, tightly packed
snapping division
similar to binary fission
differences:
, -septum remains attached
-outer cell wall is shed and cell remains attached at the "hinge"
budding
replication of DNA material occurs
-cell will elongate to form a "bud"
-bud will separate to form a daughter cell
actinomyce
resembles fungi
-will form spores/segments with genetic material for reproduction
-will germinate when environmental conditions improve
*spore formation/fragmentation
viviparous reproduction
produces anywhere from one to twelve daughter cells that grow inside of the parent cell, until
the parent eventually lyses and dies
*epulopiscium reproduce by this
Mycoplasma, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Corynebacterium,
Mycobacterium, Proteobacteria Classes Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon,
Spirochetes, Chlamydia, Bacteroides), Archaea (Extremophiles, Methanogens),
Reproduction (Binary Fission, Budding, Snapping Division, Viviparity,
Sporulation, Endospores), Eukaryotic Microorganisms (Protozoa, Fungi, Algae,
Water & Slime Molds), Protozoa Groups (Parabasalids, Diplomonads,
Euglenozoa, Alveolates – Ciliates, Apicomplexans, Dinoflagellates, Amoebozoa),
Fungal Taxonomy (Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Yeasts, Molds,
Dimorphic Fungi, Pseudohyphae, Haustoria), Cell Division (Mitosis, Meiosis,
Cytokinesis, Tetrads, Buds, Microfilaments, Cell Plates), Pathogens & Disease
(Anthrax, Listeriosis, Malaria, Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis, Sleeping Sickness,
Leishmaniasis), Vectors (Arthropods, Insects, Arachnida), Microbial Physiology
(Chemoheterotrophs, Photoautotrophs, Haploid/Diploid Nuclei, Macronucleus,
Micronucleus), Immune Interaction & Host Colonization Exam Questions Verified
and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
prokaryote
most diverse group of cellular microbes
-thrive in various habitats
-only a few are capable of colonizing humans and causing disease
,endospore
produced by gram-positive bacteria bacillus & clostridium
-each vegetative cell transforms into one endospore through sporulation
-defensive against unfavorable, harsh conditions
prokaryote reproduction
all reproduce asexually
-binary fission (most common)
-snapping division
-budding & spore formation
binary fission
separation occurs through development of a septum -> splits the cell in 2
-2 daughter cells form as a result
-DNA is located in the nucleoid region, tightly packed
snapping division
similar to binary fission
differences:
, -septum remains attached
-outer cell wall is shed and cell remains attached at the "hinge"
budding
replication of DNA material occurs
-cell will elongate to form a "bud"
-bud will separate to form a daughter cell
actinomyce
resembles fungi
-will form spores/segments with genetic material for reproduction
-will germinate when environmental conditions improve
*spore formation/fragmentation
viviparous reproduction
produces anywhere from one to twelve daughter cells that grow inside of the parent cell, until
the parent eventually lyses and dies
*epulopiscium reproduce by this
