Microbiology & Microbial Cell Biology Exam 1 : Historical Pioneers F. Stelluti, R.
Hooke, Van Leeuwenhoek, Redi, Spallanzani, Pasteur, Tyndall, Cohn, Bassi,
Berkley, Bary, Lister, Roux, Jenner, Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, Winogradsky,
Woese, Sanger; Microscopy Techniques Bright-Field, Dark-Field, Phase-Contrast,
Differential Interference, Fluorescence, Confocal, SEM, TEM, Cryo-EM, Atomic
Force, Scanning Tunnel Probe; Bacterial Structures: Flagella (Filament, Hook,
Basal Body), Capsule, Peptidoglycan, Lipopolysaccharide, Periplasmic Space,
Ribosomes, Gas Vesicles, Cytoskeleton; Cell Wall Differences Gram-Positive vs
Gram-Negative; Plasmids, Episomes, Conjugative, R, Col, Virulence, Metabolic;
DNA, Histones, Chromosomes, Introns, Nucleus, Organelles; Bacteria, Archaea,
Eukaryotes, Viruses, Prions; Extremophiles Halophiles, Thermophiles,
Psychrophiles; Cellular Functions: Motility, Binary Fission, Nutrient Acquisition,
Phagocytosis, Immunity, Antibody & Cellular Responses; Viral Entry: Enveloped
vs Nonenveloped, Fusion, Endocytosis; Clinical Microbiology Correlations,
Fermentation, Pasteurization, Antisepsis, Bioinformatics, Recombinant DNA,
Restriction Endonucleases Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete
A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
F. Stelluti
Earliest microbiologist. Studied bees and weevils. Used a microscope created by Galileo.
R. Hooke
,Created 1st drawings of microorganisms in a book titled "micrographia". Created the 1st
microscope prototypes.
Van Leeuvankhoek
Created R. Hooke's microscopes
Redi
Challenged spontaneous generation. Experiment with uncovered and cover jars of meat.
L. Spallarizani
Boiled broth in flasks which showed that air was needed for growth
L. Pasteur (spontaneous)
"swan neck flask" experiment. Boiled and left open = no growth
J. Tyndall
Dust carries microorganisms. Without dust there will be sterile broth
F. Cohn
Discovered heat resistant organisms had endospores
, A. Bassi
Discovered silkworm disease was caused by a fungi
M.J. Berkley
Discovered potato blight was caused by a water mold
H. Bary
Discovered smut & Rust fungi caused cereal crop disease
J. Lister
Studied how to prevent wound infections. Created antiseptic surgery by heat sterilizing and use
of phenol dressings which prevented diseases
L. Pasteur (Germ Theory)
Found that microorganisms caused fermentation. Created pasteurization which helped to
decrease the spoiling of food. Also discovered that protozoans caused diseases in silkworms
R. Koch
Established relationship between Bacillus anthrais and anthrax during an experiment with mice.
Also linked TB with bacterium. Developed a postulate.
Hooke, Van Leeuwenhoek, Redi, Spallanzani, Pasteur, Tyndall, Cohn, Bassi,
Berkley, Bary, Lister, Roux, Jenner, Behring, Kitasato, Metchnikoff, Winogradsky,
Woese, Sanger; Microscopy Techniques Bright-Field, Dark-Field, Phase-Contrast,
Differential Interference, Fluorescence, Confocal, SEM, TEM, Cryo-EM, Atomic
Force, Scanning Tunnel Probe; Bacterial Structures: Flagella (Filament, Hook,
Basal Body), Capsule, Peptidoglycan, Lipopolysaccharide, Periplasmic Space,
Ribosomes, Gas Vesicles, Cytoskeleton; Cell Wall Differences Gram-Positive vs
Gram-Negative; Plasmids, Episomes, Conjugative, R, Col, Virulence, Metabolic;
DNA, Histones, Chromosomes, Introns, Nucleus, Organelles; Bacteria, Archaea,
Eukaryotes, Viruses, Prions; Extremophiles Halophiles, Thermophiles,
Psychrophiles; Cellular Functions: Motility, Binary Fission, Nutrient Acquisition,
Phagocytosis, Immunity, Antibody & Cellular Responses; Viral Entry: Enveloped
vs Nonenveloped, Fusion, Endocytosis; Clinical Microbiology Correlations,
Fermentation, Pasteurization, Antisepsis, Bioinformatics, Recombinant DNA,
Restriction Endonucleases Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete
A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
F. Stelluti
Earliest microbiologist. Studied bees and weevils. Used a microscope created by Galileo.
R. Hooke
,Created 1st drawings of microorganisms in a book titled "micrographia". Created the 1st
microscope prototypes.
Van Leeuvankhoek
Created R. Hooke's microscopes
Redi
Challenged spontaneous generation. Experiment with uncovered and cover jars of meat.
L. Spallarizani
Boiled broth in flasks which showed that air was needed for growth
L. Pasteur (spontaneous)
"swan neck flask" experiment. Boiled and left open = no growth
J. Tyndall
Dust carries microorganisms. Without dust there will be sterile broth
F. Cohn
Discovered heat resistant organisms had endospores
, A. Bassi
Discovered silkworm disease was caused by a fungi
M.J. Berkley
Discovered potato blight was caused by a water mold
H. Bary
Discovered smut & Rust fungi caused cereal crop disease
J. Lister
Studied how to prevent wound infections. Created antiseptic surgery by heat sterilizing and use
of phenol dressings which prevented diseases
L. Pasteur (Germ Theory)
Found that microorganisms caused fermentation. Created pasteurization which helped to
decrease the spoiling of food. Also discovered that protozoans caused diseases in silkworms
R. Koch
Established relationship between Bacillus anthrais and anthrax during an experiment with mice.
Also linked TB with bacterium. Developed a postulate.
