Immunology & Host Defense Exam Unit 7 Exam #4 : Innate &
Adaptive Immunity, Physical Barriers (Skin, Mucus Membranes,
Microbiota), WBC Function & Surveillance (Neutrophils, Macrophages,
Dendritic Cells, Mast Cells, Basophils, Eosinophils, Natural Killer Cells),
MHC Molecules (MHC I & II), Antigens & Autoantigens, Cytokines &
Chemokines, Interleukins, Interferons, Complement System &
Membrane Attack Complex (MAC), Apoptosis, Opsonins, Chemotaxis,
Diapedesis, Inflammation Signs (Redness, Heat, Pain, Swelling, Loss of
Function), Acute vs Chronic Inflammatory Response, NSAIDs, Immune
Memory, B & T Cells, Antibodies, ABO Blood Type Antibodies, Viral
Antigens & Spikes, HIV-CD4/CCR5 Interaction, Autoimmune Diseases
(Vitiligo, Lupus, Ulcerative Colitis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Multiple
Sclerosis), Microbial Antagonism by Normal Microbiota,
Gastrointestinal Immunity, Pathogen Recognition, Innate vs Adaptive
Immunity Comparison, Phagocytosis, NETs (Neutrophil Extracellular
Traps), Histamine & Inflammatory Mediators, H. pylori & Gastric
Ulcers, Host Resistance Mechanisms, and Clinical Immunology Case-
Based Diagnostics Exam Questions Verified and Provided with
Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
,What is immunity?
The ability to fight invasion by microbial organisms or toxins
What is the function of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules?
As an identification tag. All self-cells have MHC except RBC. MHC 2 can present non-self
antigens to other WBC. All nucleated
What are the important things about MHC 2?
MHC 2 molecule is a spike cell marker on the surface of the cell that contains a protein molecule
of what is being produced inside the cell. Functions as an identification tag so that the immune
system knows whether to respond or not.
What is MHC 1?
MHC 1 is a self-antigen protein molecule that sits on the spike surface of the cell that function
as a self identification tag. All nucleated cells have MHC1, all cells including WBC, but not RBC
Do WBC present MHC 1 or MHC 2?
WBC can produce both MHC 1 &2
What is a non-self antigen?
Anything recognized as foreign and capable of triggering an immune response
, What is auto immune disease and what are some examples?
When your own immune system attacks your own body cells. Examples are Lupus, Ulcerative
colitis, Arthritis, and Multiple sclerosis
What are the physical barriers of the innate immune system?
Skin, cilia, mucus membrane, microbiota, peristalsis, eyelashes, chemical enzymatic barriers,
lysosome (breaks down cell walls)
What is the first line of defense of the immune system?
Physical barriers, innate immune system
What is the second line of defense of the immune system?
Cells and Molecules: WBC and coagulation(clotting) macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells,
granulocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells (Innate)
What is the third line if defense of immune system?
The adaptive immune system which is composed of B and T cells as well as antibodies
What are viral antigens?
Spikes proteins. They are important to the virus because they allow the virus to enter into host
cells by binding to the surface receptors and multiply by reproduction
Adaptive Immunity, Physical Barriers (Skin, Mucus Membranes,
Microbiota), WBC Function & Surveillance (Neutrophils, Macrophages,
Dendritic Cells, Mast Cells, Basophils, Eosinophils, Natural Killer Cells),
MHC Molecules (MHC I & II), Antigens & Autoantigens, Cytokines &
Chemokines, Interleukins, Interferons, Complement System &
Membrane Attack Complex (MAC), Apoptosis, Opsonins, Chemotaxis,
Diapedesis, Inflammation Signs (Redness, Heat, Pain, Swelling, Loss of
Function), Acute vs Chronic Inflammatory Response, NSAIDs, Immune
Memory, B & T Cells, Antibodies, ABO Blood Type Antibodies, Viral
Antigens & Spikes, HIV-CD4/CCR5 Interaction, Autoimmune Diseases
(Vitiligo, Lupus, Ulcerative Colitis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Multiple
Sclerosis), Microbial Antagonism by Normal Microbiota,
Gastrointestinal Immunity, Pathogen Recognition, Innate vs Adaptive
Immunity Comparison, Phagocytosis, NETs (Neutrophil Extracellular
Traps), Histamine & Inflammatory Mediators, H. pylori & Gastric
Ulcers, Host Resistance Mechanisms, and Clinical Immunology Case-
Based Diagnostics Exam Questions Verified and Provided with
Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
,What is immunity?
The ability to fight invasion by microbial organisms or toxins
What is the function of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules?
As an identification tag. All self-cells have MHC except RBC. MHC 2 can present non-self
antigens to other WBC. All nucleated
What are the important things about MHC 2?
MHC 2 molecule is a spike cell marker on the surface of the cell that contains a protein molecule
of what is being produced inside the cell. Functions as an identification tag so that the immune
system knows whether to respond or not.
What is MHC 1?
MHC 1 is a self-antigen protein molecule that sits on the spike surface of the cell that function
as a self identification tag. All nucleated cells have MHC1, all cells including WBC, but not RBC
Do WBC present MHC 1 or MHC 2?
WBC can produce both MHC 1 &2
What is a non-self antigen?
Anything recognized as foreign and capable of triggering an immune response
, What is auto immune disease and what are some examples?
When your own immune system attacks your own body cells. Examples are Lupus, Ulcerative
colitis, Arthritis, and Multiple sclerosis
What are the physical barriers of the innate immune system?
Skin, cilia, mucus membrane, microbiota, peristalsis, eyelashes, chemical enzymatic barriers,
lysosome (breaks down cell walls)
What is the first line of defense of the immune system?
Physical barriers, innate immune system
What is the second line of defense of the immune system?
Cells and Molecules: WBC and coagulation(clotting) macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells,
granulocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells (Innate)
What is the third line if defense of immune system?
The adaptive immune system which is composed of B and T cells as well as antibodies
What are viral antigens?
Spikes proteins. They are important to the virus because they allow the virus to enter into host
cells by binding to the surface receptors and multiply by reproduction
