NR546 Advanced Pharmacology- NR546 Week 1 Midterm Exam
Due 1st February 2026 Complete Actual Exam Questions 1- 75
NR546 Psychopharmacology for the PMHNP NR 546 Midterm and
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Week 1
Why is white matter considered the transit system?
Necessary for electrical impulse transmission. If there are breaks in the system,
it can affect neural communication, affecting behavior. Damage to the myelin
can impair
transmission which can impact not only sensory and motor function, but also
cognition.
White brain matter is associated with which disease processes?
Autism and vascular dementia.
Frontal Lobe
Associated with movement, intelligence, abstract thinking. the ability to
organize, personality, behavior, and emotional control. Traumatic brain injuries
can result in personality changes, difficulty controlling emotions, and other
cognitive functions.
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Parietal Lobe
Middle part of the brain
Responsible for proprioception.
Helps a person to identify spatial relationships, interpret pain and touch in the
body, and identify and give meaning to objects.
Damage to the anterior portion of the parietal lobe may cause asterogenesis, the
loss of ability to recognize objects via the sense of touch.
May be experienced post cerebral vascular accidents.
Temporal Lobe
Located on the sides of the brain
Involved in short-term memory, speech, auditory signals, and smell
recognition. Identifies "what" things are - object identification.
Contains the limbic system, amygdala, and hippocampus.
A dominant temporal lobe lesion can present as Wernicke's aphasia.
Temporal Lobe Disorders
Temporal lobe disorders include dementia, affective disorders, and attention
deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD).
Occipital Lobe
Back part of the brain and controls visual processing. Damage to this lobe results
in the inability to form visual memories.
Bilateral lobe damage results in the inability to recognize items by sight even
though vision is normal.
Occipital lobe seizures can cause hallucinations, such as lines of color.
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Dorsal Striatum
Complex motor actions and linkage of cognition to motor actions.
Main input area for the basal ganglia and is activated when anticipating or
engaging in pleasure.
Corpus Callosum
Controls the communication between the two brain hemispheres.
Involved in attention, impulse control, and emotion regulation.
Integrates impulses from both sides of the brain.
Persons with an underdeveloped or missing corpus collosum may have
intellectual impairment.
Thalamus
An egg-shaped structure involved in sensory organ and motor command
processing. All sensory systems except for the olfaction process through
the thalamus, which is responsible for processing all external
information.
Associated with symptoms related to schizophrenia and post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD).
Basal Ganglia
Involved in voluntary motor movements, cognition, and emotion. Involved in
facilitating voluntary movement.
Basal ganglia movement disorders include?
Include Parkinson's disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and Tourette
syndrome.
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Limbic System
Associated with pleasure, reward, and reinforcing behavior. Drug abuse
affects the limbic system, disrupting emotions and feelings associated with
normal behavior.
Nucleus Accumbens
This is involved in the reward circuit and reinforces addictive behaviors.
Amygdala
Located deep in the temporal lobes and involved in emotional regulation
and perception of odors.
All smells travel directly to the amygdala.
Cooking smells can elicit memories of childhood events and holidays.
A traumatic event can result in the formation of the fear response, causing the
fight or
flight reflex within the autonomic nervous system and affects the hypothalamic-
pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis causing the release of stress hormones (e.g.
cortisol).
The amygdala also is involved in the interpretation of facial expressions and
sexual stimuli.
Hippocampus
Located deep in the temporal lobes and is involved in anxiety and memory,
and shifting short-term to long-term memory.
Hippocampal function is impaired in schizophrenia and dementia. There is
ongoing research into the role the hippocampus plays in anxiety and decision
making.
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