2025/2026
introduction percentage - ANS✔✔ 10-15%
5 basic functions of introduction - ANS✔✔ -gain audience interest and attention
-state specific purpose of speech
-establish credibility
- provide reason to listen
-preview main ideas
establishing credibility - ANS✔✔ -competence
-trustworthiness
-goodwill
competence - ANS✔✔ the degree to which a speaker is perceived to be knowledgeable or
expert in a given subject by an audience member (rank, research)
trustworthiness - ANS✔✔ degree to which an audience member perceives a speaker as honest
caring/goodwill - ANS✔✔ refers to the degree to which an audience member perceives a
speaker as caring about the audience member.
consider when choosing an attention getter - ANS✔✔ -Appropriateness or relevance to
audience (gossip girl)
-Purpose of speech (joke, crises in africa)
-Topic (Free sex! economy)
, -Occasion (happy, sad)
Reference to the subject - ANS✔✔ "We are surrounded by statistical information in today's
world, so understanding statistics is becoming paramount to citizenship in the twenty-first
century"
Reference to Audience - ANS✔✔ "As human resource professionals, you and I know the
importance of talent management. "
Quotation - ANS✔✔ "I have a Dream"
Reference to Current Events - ANS✔✔ Demonstrates relevance- "On January 10, 2007, Scott
Anthony Gomez Jr. and a fellow inmate escaped from a Pueblo, Colorado, jail."
Historical Reference - ANS✔✔ "During the 1960s and '70s, the United States intervened in the
civil strife between North and South Vietnam"
Anecdote - ANS✔✔ "In July 2009, a high school girl named Alexa Longueira was walking along a
main boulevard near her home on Staten Island, New York, typing in a message on her cell
phone."
also a fable
startling statement - ANS✔✔ "A Boeing 747 airliner holds 57,285 gallons of fuel."
Question - ANS✔✔ response or rhetorical "By a show of hands..." "Reflect on the..."
Personal Reference - ANS✔✔ In the fall of 2008, I decided that it was time that I took my life
into my own hands. After suffering for years with the disease of obesity, I decided to take a leap
of faith and get a gastric bypass in an attempt to finally beat the disease